Elemental Carbon-Based Method for Monitoring Occupational Exposures to Particulate Diesel Exhaust

Birch, M. Eileen; Cary, Robert A.

doi:10.1080/02786829608965393

Cited by 1,697 publications

(962 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…15 chemical species (Al, Si, S, K, Ca, Ti, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Se, Br, Pb) were consistently observed to be present. The quartz filters were sectioned with one half analyzed by the ThermalOptical Transmittance (TOT) technique using the NIOSH-5040 method (Birch and Cary, 1996) to determine EC and OC concentrations (Sunset Lab, Hillsborough, NC). The other half was frozen and preserved.…”

Section: Sampling and Analysis Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

UNMIX modeling of ambient PM2.5 near an interstate highway in Cincinnati, OH, USA

McDonald

Martuzevičius

et al. 2006

Atmospheric Environment

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The "Cincinnati Childhood Allergy and Air Pollution Study (CCAAPS)" is underway to determine if infants who are exposed to diesel engine exhaust particles are at an increased risk for atopy and atopic respiratory disorders, and to determine if this effect is magnified in a genetically at risk population. In support of this study, a methodology has been developed to allocate local traffic source contributions to ambient PM 2.5 in the Cincinnati airshed. As a first step towards this allocation, UNMIX was used to generate factors for ambient PM 2.5 at two sites near at interstate highway. Procedures adopted to collect, analyze and prepare the data sets to run UNMIX are described. The factors attributed to traffic sources were similar for the two sites. These factors were also similar to locally measured truck engine-exhaust enriched ambient profiles. The temporal variation of the factors was analyzed with clear differences observed between factors attributed to traffic sources and combustion-related regional secondary sources.

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Section: Sampling and Analysis Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

UNMIX modeling of ambient PM2.5 near an interstate highway in Cincinnati, OH, USA

McDonald

Martuzevičius

et al. 2006

Atmospheric Environment

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“…One punch (area: 1.5 cm 2 ) cut from each quartz fibre filter was analysed by TOT (Thermal-Optical Transmittance) method (Birch and Cary 1996) to quantify elemental and organic carbon. Five sub-fractions of OC were identified during the analysis: OC1, OC2, OC3, OC4 and PC (pyrolytic carbon).…”

Section: Laboratory Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

4-hours resolution data to study PM10 in a “hot spot” area in Europe

Vecchi

Bernardoni

Fermo

et al. 2008

Environ Monit Assess

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Nowadays, high-time resolved aerosol studies are mandatory to better understand atmospheric processes, such as formation, removal, transport, deposition or chemical reactions. This work focuses on PM10 physical and chemical characterisation with high-time resolution: elements (from Na to Pb), ions and OC/EC fractions concentration were determined during two weeks Further measurements aimed at hourly elemental characterisation of fine and coarse fractions and at the determination of particles number concentration in the 0.25-32 μm size range in 31 bins. The chemical mass closure was carried out in both seasons, enhancing intra-day differences in PM10 composition. In Milan, the highest contribution came from organic matter (34% and 33% in summer and winter, respectively); other important contributors were secondary inorganic compounds (16% and 24% in summer and winter, respectively) and, in summer, crustal matter (14%). Temporal trends showed strong variations in PM10 composition during contiguous time-slots and diurnal variations in different components contribution were identified. Moreover, peculiar phenomena, which would have hardly been detected with 24-hours samplings, were evidenced. Particles removal due to precipitations, aerosol local production and long range transport were studied in detail.

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“…OC and EC were measured by thermal-optical transmittance in a Sunset Laboratory Carbon Analyzer (Birch and Cary, 1996). Briefly, air is purged from the analyzer after a 1-cm 2 punch of sampled QFF is loaded.…”

Section: Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fine organic particulate matter dominates indoor-generated PM2.5 in RIOPA homes

Polidori

Turpin

Meng

et al. 2006

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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Residential indoor and outdoor fine particle (PM 2.5 ) organic (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) concentrations (48 h) were measured at 173 homes in Houston, TX, Los Angeles County, CA, and Elizabeth, NJ as part of the Relationship of Indoor, Outdoor and Personal Air (RIOPA) study. The adsorption of organic vapors on the quartz fiber sampling filter (a positive artifact) was substantial indoors and out, accounting for 36% and 37% of measured OC at the median indoor (8.2 mg C/m 3 ) and outdoor (5.0 mg C/m 3 ) OC concentrations, respectively. Uncorrected, adsorption artifacts would lead to substantial overestimation of particulate OC both indoors and outdoors. After artifact correction, the mean particulate organic matter (OM ¼ 1.4 OC) concentration indoors (9.8 mg/m 3 ) was twice the mean outdoor concentration (4.9 mg/m 3 ). The mean EC concentration was 1.1 mg/m 3 both indoors and outdoors. OM accounted for 29%, 30% and 29% of PM 2.5 mass outdoors and 48%, 55% and 61% of indoor PM 2.5 mass in Los Angeles Co., Elizabeth and Houston study homes, respectively. Indirect evidence provided by species mass balance results suggests that PM 2.5 nitrate (not measured) was largely lost during outdoor-to-indoor transport, as reported by Lunden et al. This results in dramatic changes with outdoor-to-indoor transport in the mass and composition of ambient-generated PM 2.5 at California homes. On average, 71% to 76% of indoor OM was emitted or formed indoors, calculated by (1) Random Component Superposition (RCS) model and (2) non-linear fit of OC and air exchange rate data to the mass balance model. Assuming that all particles penetrate indoors (P ¼ 1) and there is no particle loss indoors (k ¼ 0), a lower bound estimate of 41% of indoor OM was indoor-generated (mean). OM appears to be the predominant species in indoor-generated PM 2.5 , based on species mass balance results. Particulate OM emitted or formed indoors is substantial enough to alter the concentration, composition and behavior of indoor PM 2.5 . One interesting effect of increased indoor OM concentrations is a shift in the gas-particle partitioning of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from the gas to the particle phase with outdoor-to-indoor transport.

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Elemental Carbon-Based Method for Monitoring Occupational Exposures to Particulate Diesel Exhaust

Cited by 1,697 publications

References 29 publications

UNMIX modeling of ambient PM2.5 near an interstate highway in Cincinnati, OH, USA

UNMIX modeling of ambient PM2.5 near an interstate highway in Cincinnati, OH, USA

4-hours resolution data to study PM10 in a “hot spot” area in Europe

Fine organic particulate matter dominates indoor-generated PM2.5 in RIOPA homes

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