Fine organic particulate matter dominates indoor-generated PM2.5 in RIOPA homes

Polidori, Andrea; Turpin, Barbara J.; Meng, Qingyong; Lee, Jong Hoon; Weisel, Clifford P.; Morandi, Maria T.; Colome, Steven D.; Stock, Thomas H.; Winer, Arthur M.; Zhang, Junfeng Jim; Kwon, Jaymin; Alimokhtari, Shahnaz; Shendell, Derek G.; Jones, Jennifer; Farrar, Corice; Maberti, Silvia

doi:10.1038/sj.jes.7500476

Cited by 64 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 49 publications

(63 reference statements)

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“…Ammonium nitrate aerosol is an important component of PM2.5 in California's Central Valley and accounted for an average of 39 percent of measured PM2.5 mass outdoors at the Clovis house. This result was also observed by Polidori et al (2006). In their work, they observed a drastic decrease in the percentage that "other" aerosol species (defined as noncarbonaceous or sulfur bases aerosols) contribute to indoor particle concentrations measured in California during the RIOPA study.…”

Section: Indoor Outdoor Carbon Behaviorsupporting

confidence: 64%

Factors affecting the indoor concentrations of carbonaceous aerosols of outdoor origin

Lunden

Kirchstetter

Thatcher

et al. 2008

Atmospheric Environment

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A field study was conducted in an unoccupied single story residence in Clovis, California to provide data to address issues important to assess the indoor exposure to particles of outdoor origin. Measurements of black and organic carbonaceous aerosols were performed using a variety of methods, resulting in both near real-time measurements as well as integrated filter based measurements. Comparisons of the different measurement methods show that it is crucial to account for gas phase adsorption artifacts when measuring organic carbon (OC). Measured concentrations affected by the emissions of organic compounds sorbed to indoor surfaces imply a higher degree of infiltration of outdoor organic carbon aerosols into the indoor environment for our unoccupied house. Analysis of the indoor and outdoor data for black carbon (BC) aerosols show that, on average, the indoor concentration of black carbon aerosols behaves in a similar manner to sulfate aerosols. In contrast, organic carbon aerosols are subject to chemical transformations indoors that, for our unoccupied home, resulted in lower indoor OC concentrations than would be expected by physical loss mechanisms alone. These results show that gas to particle partitioning of organic compounds, as well as gas to surface interactions within the residence, are an important process governing the indoor concentration to OC aerosols of outdoor origin. *

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Section: Indoor Outdoor Carbon Behaviorsupporting

confidence: 64%

Factors affecting the indoor concentrations of carbonaceous aerosols of outdoor origin

Lunden

Kirchstetter

Thatcher

et al. 2008

Atmospheric Environment

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“…First, we varied PM 2.5 composition and size distribution in our calculations of F to capture variability across geographical location in the United States and with roadway proximity. For this analysis, we consider the major contributors to PM 2.5 mass: sulfate, nitrate, elemental carbon (EC), organic carbon (OC), and soil, and we use residential outdoor composition measurements from the Relationships of Indoor, Outdoor, and Personal Air (RIOPA) study 30 and species-specific size distributions from an aerosol mass spectrometer (AMS; 31,32 ). Certainly, disparities in health effects could result from differences in concentrations of other PM 2.5 species (e.g., metals), but these species comprise a very small fraction of total fine particle mass and will not affect F in a measureable way.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Certainly, disparities in health effects could result from differences in concentrations of other PM 2.5 species (e.g., metals), but these species comprise a very small fraction of total fine particle mass and will not affect F in a measureable way. The RIOPA OC measurements 30 are artifact corrected and were converted to organic matter (OM) using a factor of 1.4. It should be noted that in the RIOPA study, all major fine particle species were measured, with the exception of nitrate and water.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Scenario a represents a typical northeastern United States PM 2.5 composition; it is the mean composition measured outside Elizabeth, New Jersey homes during the RIOPA study. 30 Scenario b represents a high PM 2.5 episode in the southwestern United States; it is enriched in nitrate. Scenario b has the mean composition of the top 25th percentile PM 2.5 mass concentration days from the Los Angeles county RIOPA measurements.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Scenario b has the mean composition of the top 25th percentile PM 2.5 mass concentration days from the Los Angeles county RIOPA measurements. 30 Scenario c, which represents a northeastern US near-roadway scenario, is enriched in OC and EC based on the near-roadway measurements of Lena et al 33 Particle composition is taken into account in our calculations of F through the use of species-specific deposition loss rates and by accounting for the semivolatile nature of nitrate. The value for k evap;NO À 3 is from the work of Lunden et al 34 and Hering et al, 29 and involves the temperature-dependent equilibrium constant for ammonium nitrate dissociation (see details in Supplemental Information).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Variability in the fraction of ambient fine particulate matter found indoors and observed heterogeneity in health effect estimates

Hodas

Meng

Lunden

et al. 2012

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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Exposure to ambient (outdoor-generated) fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) occurs predominantly indoors. The variable efficiency with which ambient PM 2.5 penetrates and persists indoors is a source of exposure error in air pollution epidemiology and could contribute to observed temporal and spatial heterogeneity in health effect estimates. We used a mass balance approach to model F for several scenarios across which heterogeneity in effect estimates has been observed: with geographic location of residence, residential roadway proximity, socioeconomic status, and central air-conditioning use. We found F is higher in close proximity to primary combustion sources (e.g. proximity to traffic) and for lower income homes. F is lower when PM 2.5 is enriched in nitrate and with central air-conditioning use. As a result, exposure error resulting from variability in F will be greatest when these factors have high temporal and/or spatial variability. The circumstances for which F is lower in our calculations correspond to circumstances for which lower effect estimates have been observed in epidemiological studies and higher F values correspond to higher effect estimates. Our results suggest that variability in exposure misclassification resulting from variability in F is a possible contributor to heterogeneity in PM-mediated health effect estimates.

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