Elektrobioraffinerien: Synergien zwischen elektrochemischen und mikrobiologischen Stoffumwandlungen nutzbar machen

Abstract

Eine integrierte biobasierte Ökonomie verlangt nach einer Allianz zwischen der chemischen Industrie und der elektrischen Energiewirtschaft. Das Konzept der Elektrobioraffinerien bietet eine Blaupause für eine solche Allianzvereinbarung. Die Verbindung von mikrobiellen und elektrochemischen Stoffumwandlungen in Elektrobioraffinerien ermöglicht eine gekoppelte Produktion, Speicherung und Nutzung von Elektrizität sowie biobasierten Chemikalien. Elektrobioraffinerien stellen eine technologische Weiterentwicklung von Bioraffinerien durch die Ergänzung um (bio)elektrochemische Transformationen dar. Diese Verbindung von mikrobiellen und elektrochemischen Stoffumwandlungen hat Synergien zur Folge, die sich auf die gesamte Prozesskette auswirken können, beispielsweise durch eine Erweiterung des Produktportfolios, die Steigerung der Produktivität oder die Erschließung neuer Ausgangsstoffe. Besonderes Augenmerk liegt auf der Anwendung von oxidativen und reduktiven elektroorganischen Reaktionen auf mikrobiell produzierte Intermediate, die als bevorzugte Synthesebausteine fungieren können.

CO2 Conversion by Combining a Copper Electrocatalyst and Wild‐type Microorganisms

“…Various studies have focused on the design of novel electrocatalysts that can achieve high selectivities for multi‐electron conversions from CO 2 in an one‐step process . Alternatively, a multi‐step catalytic process could be envisioned, which combines different catalysts operating in sequence (Scheme ), to enable and/or improve the production of more complex molecules from CO 2 . Among the types of catalysts that can reduce CO 2 , microorganisms are promising candidates, as they are versatile, resilient under a wide range of conditions, naturally‐occurring and self‐regenerating.…”

Coupled Electrochemical Processes as Versatile Route for Converting Waste Substrates into Value Added Chemical Products

“…In this review, only the sequential coupling of biotechnology and electrochemistry will be covered. The concept of using biotechnology for pretreating complex waste samples, followed by an electrochemical upgrading step, has been also termed as electrobiorefinery, if biobased feedstocks are used [17] . The general process scheme is illustrated in Figure 1.…”

“…The concept of using biotechnology for pretreating complex waste samples, followed by an electrochemical upgrading step, has been also termed as electrobiorefinery, if biobased feedstocks are used. [17] The general process scheme is illustrated in Figure 1. In the following section, different examples for this sequential biotechnology-electrochemistry processes will be discussed.…”

“…[16] Combining electrochemistry with biocatalytic and fermentative steps has proven to be promising, as they both frequently operate in aqueous conditions and at mild temperatures. [16,17] Additionally, chemical and thermal pre-treatments can be performed to convert complex, solid waste feedstocks into processable substrates for electrochemical reactions [12,18] Hence, several possibilities exist to solubilize waste substrates and make them accessible for electrochemistry. This review aims to provide an overview about the different combinations of pretreatments with subsequent electrochemical steps to convert different waste feedstocks (biomass, food and plastic waste) into defined chemical products.…”

“…Therefore, pretreatments and solubilization steps are required to make solid waste feedstocks accessible for electrochemical processing [16] . Combining electrochemistry with biocatalytic and fermentative steps has proven to be promising, as they both frequently operate in aqueous conditions and at mild temperatures [16,17] …”