Electrotransfer of Cytokine Genes for Cancer Treatment

Chopra, Sonam; Šatkauskas, Saulius

doi:10.12955/cbup.v6.1291

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 32 publications

(34 reference statements)

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“…Cytokine therapy in combination with electroporation has proven to be a successful and safe technique to treat cancer ( Chopra and Satkauskas, 2018 ). Specifically, therapy that utilizes electroporation and cytokines such as IL-12 can enhance the effectiveness of immunotherapy ( Kishida et al, 2001 ; Lohr et al, 2001 ; Yamashita et al, 2001 ; Heller et al, 2006 ; Cemazar et al, 2010 ) due to easier cytokine plasmid uptake and increased fragility of the cancer cells.…”

Section: Electrical Stimulation To Modulate the Immune System For Cancer Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Even though IL12 is one of the most commonly used immune cytokine for electroporation based cancer therapies, other cytokines that have also been used are other interleukins like IL 18, IL 33 and IL 15 as well as interferons like IFn-α and IFn-γ ( Chopra and Satkauskas, 2018 ). Each of these cytokines has been used for electroporation based cytokine therapy by activating production of T cells, Th1 cells differentiation, increasing antigen presentation and recruitment of dendritic cells.…”

Section: Electrical Stimulation To Modulate the Immune System For Cancer Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Electrical Stimulation for Immune Modulation in Cancer Treatments

Das

Langou

et al. 2022

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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Immunotherapy is becoming a very common treatment for cancer, using approaches like checkpoint inhibition, T cell transfer therapy, monoclonal antibodies and cancer vaccination. However, these approaches involve high doses of immune therapeutics with problematic side effects. A promising approach to reducing the dose of immunotherapeutic agents given to a cancer patient is to combine it with electrical stimulation, which can act in two ways; it can either modulate the immune system to produce the immune cytokines and agents in the patient’s body or it can increase the cellular uptake of these immune agents via electroporation. Electrical stimulation in form of direct current has been shown to reduce tumor sizes in immune-competent mice while having no effect on tumor sizes in immune-deficient mice. Several studies have used nano-pulsed electrical stimulations to activate the immune system and drive it against tumor cells. This approach has been utilized for different types of cancers, like fibrosarcoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, human papillomavirus etc. Another common approach is to combine electrochemotherapy with immune modulation, either by inducing immunogenic cell death or injecting immunostimulants that increase the effectiveness of the treatments. Several therapies utilize electroporation to deliver immunostimulants (like genes encoded with cytokine producing sequences, cancer specific antigens or fragments of anti-tumor toxins) more effectively. Lastly, electrical stimulation of the vagus nerve can trigger production and activation of anti-tumor immune cells and immune reactions. Hence, the use of electrical stimulation to modulate the immune system in different ways can be a promising approach to treat cancer.

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Section: Electrical Stimulation To Modulate the Immune System For Cancer Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Electrical Stimulation To Modulate the Immune System For Cancer Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrical Stimulation for Immune Modulation in Cancer Treatments

Das

Langou

et al. 2022

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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“…Not only has IL-12 immune cytokine shown to be effective for electroporation-based cancer therapies, but also other genes expressing cytokines (IL-18, IL-33, IL-15, IFn-α, and IFn-γ) were tested in combination with EP to promote the production of T cells and Th1 cells differentiation, increasing antigen presentation and recruitment of dendritic cells [ 112 ].…”

Section: Electroporationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electroporation in Head-and-Neck Cancer: An Innovative Approach with Immunotherapy and Nanotechnology Combination

Pisani

Bertino

Prina-Mello

et al. 2022

Cancers

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Squamous cell carcinoma is the most common malignancy that arises in the head-and-neck district. Traditional treatment could be insufficient in case of recurrent and/or metastatic cancers; for this reason, more selective and enhanced treatments are in evaluation in preclinical and clinical trials to increase in situ concentration of chemotherapy drugs promoting a selectively antineoplastic activity. Among all cancer treatment types (i.e., surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy), electroporation (EP) has emerged as a safe, less invasive, and effective approach for cancer treatment. Reversible EP, using an intensive electric stimulus (i.e., 1000 V/cm) applied for a short time (i.e., 100 μs), determines a localized electric field that temporarily permealizes the tumor cell membranes while maintaining high cell viability, promoting cytoplasm cell uptake of antineoplastic agents such as bleomycin and cisplatin (electrochemotherapy), calcium (Ca2+ electroporation), siRNA and plasmid DNA (gene electroporation). The higher intracellular concentration of antineoplastic agents enhances the antineoplastic activity and promotes controlled tumor cell death (apoptosis). As secondary effects, localized EP (i) reduces the capillary blood flow in tumor tissue (“vascular lock”), lowering drug washout, and (ii) stimulates the immune system acting against cancer cells. After years of preclinical development, electrochemotherapy (ECT), in combination with bleomycin or cisplatin, is currently one of the most effective treatments used for cutaneous metastases and primary skin and mucosal cancers that are not amenable to surgery. To reach this clinical evidence, in vitro and in vivo models were preclinically developed for evaluating the efficacy and safety of ECT on different tumor cell lines and animal models to optimize dose and administration routes of drugs, duration, and intensity of the electric field. Improvements in reversible EP efficacy are under evaluation for HNSCC treatment, where the focus is on the development of a combination treatment between EP-enhanced nanotechnology and immunotherapy strategies.

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“…GET has been used for the delivery of cytokine genes for cancer immunotherapy. [ 104 ] For instance, GET has been used to deliver plasmid of interleukin 12 (IL‐12) into cancer cells for expressing IL‐12 protein, thereby realizing immunotherapy. [ 105 ] Daud et al first reported a clinical trial using IL‐12 DNA electroporation for the treatment of metastatic melanoma.…”

Section: Electricity Enables Antitumor Immunitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Electricity‐Assisted Cancer Therapy: From Traditional Clinic Applications to Emerging Methods Integrated with Nanotechnologies

Zhong

Yao

Zhao

et al. 2022

Advanced NanoBiomed Research

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Inspired by endogenous physiological electric fields in humans, electricity has been widely used as an accessible source of physical stimulation to help treat diseases, including cancer therapy. Electricity can not only be used as a weapon to directly kill cancer cells but also be used as a “switch” to control the anticancer drug delivery systems (DDSs), enabling on‐demand drug release at the lesion sites. Recently, the antitumor electrotherapy based on the induction of tumor cell apoptosis by highly toxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) has been developed. Many studies have proved that the electrical stimulation can mobilize the body's immune system to kill tumors through different mechanisms. When the single electrical therapy is not effective for the treatment of advanced tumors, the integration with immunotherapy is considered as “life‐saving straw.” Moreover, with the growing need for convenient, personalized, and telehealth care and treatment, the emerging nanotechnologies such as self‐powered triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) are integrated with electrotherapy. This review comprehensively summarizes these developments from clinic applications to new emerging strategies and proposes future challenges and opportunities in this field.

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Electrotransfer of Cytokine Genes for Cancer Treatment

Cited by 6 publications

References 32 publications

Electrical Stimulation for Immune Modulation in Cancer Treatments

Electrical Stimulation for Immune Modulation in Cancer Treatments

Electroporation in Head-and-Neck Cancer: An Innovative Approach with Immunotherapy and Nanotechnology Combination

Electricity‐Assisted Cancer Therapy: From Traditional Clinic Applications to Emerging Methods Integrated with Nanotechnologies

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