“…Although ion-selective electrodes are readily available for detecting specific metal ions, they can only detect one type of metal ion, and they are difficult to be miniaturized. On the other hand, atomic adsorption spectrometry (Bannon et al, 1994;Parsons and Slavin, 1993;Tahan et al, 1994) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (Aggarwal et al, 1994;Liu et al, 1999;Bowins and McNutt, 1994) can be used to detect and quantify multiple metal ions simultaneously, but they are not real-time and the instruments are expensive. Considering the limitation of existing technologies in metal ion detection, we exploited oligopeptide-modified SiNW arrays (fabricated by "topdown" approach) for detecting Cu 2+ and Pb 2+ simultaneously at two different channels.…”