“…In addition to controlling various factors such as evaporation rate, meniscus profile, appropriate concentration corresponding to beads size and substrate quality, the use of additional surfactants plays a critical role in achieving a high-quality bead template. 27–30 However, the presence of surfactant on modified surface can be a drawback. Indeed, the surfactant covers the triangular interstitial spaces between the beads, making it difficult to deposit materials on the surface using a bottom-up approach in some cases.…”