Electrosynthesis of Biocompatible Free-Standing PEDOT Thin Films at a Polarised Liquid|Liquid Interface

Lehane, Rob A.; Gamero‐Quijano, Alonso; Malijauskaite, Sigita; Holzinger, Angelika; Conroy, Michele; Laffir, Fathima; Kumar, Amit; Bangert, U.; McGourty, Kieran; Scanlon, Micheál D.

doi:10.26434/chemrxiv-2021-dtml6

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 44 publications

(51 reference statements)

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“…[ 27,28 ] Furthermore, certain interfaces between two immiscible electrolyte solutions (ITIES) may be electrochemically polarized, providing a driving force that may influence the kinetics of self‐assembly or even enable electrosynthesis of interfacial thin films of materials. [ 29,30 ]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Liquid Processing of Interfacially Grown Iron‐Oxide Flowers into 2D‐Platelets Yields Lithium‐Ion Battery Anodes with Capacities of Twice the Theoretical Value

Konkena

Kaur

Tian

et al. 2022

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papers have shown that converting bulk powder to 2D nanosheets yields significant capacity increases. [18][19][20] In addition, 2D platelet-shaped nanoparticles show great potential for use in battery electrodes due to shorter solid state diffusion lengths which can yield improved rate performance. [21] However, high aspect ratio 2D nanosheets can reduce the diffusion coefficient associated with ion transport within the electrolyte filled pores. [21] To avoid slow liquid phase diffusion while maintaining short solid state diffusion times, quasi-2D platelets with reduced aspect ratio are required. [21] This suggests that when using Fe 2 O 3 for battery applications there would be significant advantages to producing it in the form of quasi-2D platelets.Several synthetic routes have been proposed to generate nanoscale α-Fe 2 O 3 of various geometries including 2D platelets. [22][23][24][25] However, current methods are expensive to implement and typically include multiple complex steps which require high temperatures as well as templates or solid supports. A simpler alternative is to use a controllable, soft interfacial method to self-assemble well-defined and mesoporous nanostructures at an immiscible aqueous/organic interface. [26] The interface provides a defect-free, dimensionally-confined space to self-assemble unique 2D nanomaterials in a single step with perfect reproducibility. This can yield nanomaterials, potentially including quasi-2D materials, that are inaccessible in bulk solution. [27,28] Furthermore, certain interfaces between two immiscible electrolyte solutions (ITIES) may be electrochemically polarized, providing a driving force that may influence the kinetics of self-assembly or even enable electrosynthesis of interfacial thin films of materials. [29,30] Another consideration involves electrode architecture and the need to include conductive additives. For Fe 2 O 3 , a number of carbon-based additives including 2D graphene, 1D carbon (nanofibers/nanotubes), and 0D nanocarbon has been extensively explored. [10,[31][32][33][34] We believe significant advantages are to be had from using carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as the conductive additive. We and others have shown that incorporating CNTs in electrodes based on both 2D [35][36][37] and 3D [38] materials allows them to approach their theoretical capacity. This is because the high conductivity of the CNTs allows effective charge distribution increasing both initial capacity, stability, and rate performance. [38][39][40] In addition, CNTs provide mechanical reinforcement to the electrode without the need for any additional binder. [38] This is particularly important for iron oxide-based anodes, where a large volume expansion is often observed upon lithiation which leads to particle de-cohesion and poor cycling performance. [7] We have shown previously that nanotubes lead to electrode toughening which imparts stability even in silicon anodes which display very high volume expansion. [38] In this paper we will combine the advantages associated with quasi-2D...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Liquid Processing of Interfacially Grown Iron‐Oxide Flowers into 2D‐Platelets Yields Lithium‐Ion Battery Anodes with Capacities of Twice the Theoretical Value

Konkena

Kaur

Tian

et al. 2022

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“…To facilitate electrochemical detection, conductive material PEDOT was also modified on the fabricated electrode. Because of the excellent electrochemical performance of PEDOT, 38,39 the modified channels effectively transmit electron signals.…”

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication of Channeled and Three-Dimensional Electrodes for the Integrated Capture and Detection of Invasive Circulating Tumor Cells during Hematogenous Metastasis

et al. 2023

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Hematogenous metastasis is the main route of cancer spreading, causing majority death of cancer patients. During this process, platelets in the blood are found increasingly essential to promote hematogenous metastasis by forming plateletinteracted circulating tumor cells (CTCs). Hence, we aim to fabricate an integrated method for the availability of capture and detection of such invasive CTCs. Specifically, a new form of channeled and conductive three-dimensional (3D) electrode is constructed by modifying a conductive layer and capture antibody on the templated and channeled poly(dimethylsiloxane) scaffold. The modified antibody enables the capture of the plateletinteracted CTC hybrid, while the conductive layer significantly facilitates electron transfer from electro-active signal molecules that are targeting platelets. Therefore, sensitive electrochemical detection of platelet-interacted CTCs has been realized. Efficient capture and sensitive detection have been demonstrated by this work. Additionally, dynamic analysis of patients' CTCs has also been conducted to provide accurate information about disease assessment and efficacy evaluation. The cut-off line was set as 5.15 nA based on the sample signals from healthy volunteers. Thus, stage III cancer patients with high risk of hematogenous metastasis have been identified. Together, this work shows the development of a new strategy for simultaneous capture and detection of the invasive CTC subtype form patient blood, which favors precise monitoring of hematogenous metastasis.

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“…1 For the synthesis of two-dimensional (2D) thin films of different nanomaterials, the L/L interface offers a predefined defect-free environment. 2 The interface serves as a quasi-2D template to assemble the monomers in the desired orientation through various supramolecular interactions such as electrostatic, dipole−dipole, π−π stacking, and H-bonding. 3 In polymer synthesis and structure design, interfacial polymerization (IP) offers an easy-to-remove template approach to tune the topology, morphology, crystallinity, and other physicochemical properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interfacial Tension-Impelled Self-Assembly and Morphology Tuning of Poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene)/Tellurium Nanocomposites at Various Liquid/Liquid Interfaces

Puthiyottil,

Palamparambil,

Kaladi Chondath

et al. 2023

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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Compared to the enormous number of nanostructures that have been documented, the variety of nanostructures produced by organic polymerization is rather limited. We devised an unconventional route and a sustainable approach to distribute tellurium nanoparticles (Te NPs) in a poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene) (PEDOT) matrix to form semiconducting organic−inorganic nanocomposites for potential applications in electrochemical sensing. The adopted strategy of in situ liquid/liquid interface-assisted polymerization aids in the formation of intimately tethered Te NPs on the PEDOT polymer chains, thereby preventing the aggregation of Te NPs. The untapped versatility inherent to using biphasic systems for interfacial polymerization is explored at three interface systems of immiscible solvents: chloroform/water, dichloromethane/water, and hexane/water, giving rise to PEDOT/Te nanocomposite (PTeNC) of distinct morphology. Chemical nature, crystallinity, and morphology investigations proved the successful formation of PTeNC in different interface systems. Consequently, the temporal evolution of interfacial tension in the preferential adsorption of nanoparticles and final product morphology was monitored by pendant drop tensiometry. Owing to the role of morphology, PTeNC synthesized at the hexane/water interface showcased the best electrocatalytic behavior toward nonenzymatic detection of L-ascorbic acid, an essential nutritional factor, and a neuromodulator with a limit of detection of 0.66 μM and excellent sensitivity, selectivity, and reproducibility. Hence, we envision that interface-assisted polymerization offers a nascent and robust strategy for encapsulating unusual electrode materials in polymeric matrices.

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Electrosynthesis of Biocompatible Free-Standing PEDOT Thin Films at a Polarised Liquid|Liquid Interface

Cited by 5 publications

References 44 publications

Liquid Processing of Interfacially Grown Iron‐Oxide Flowers into 2D‐Platelets Yields Lithium‐Ion Battery Anodes with Capacities of Twice the Theoretical Value

Liquid Processing of Interfacially Grown Iron‐Oxide Flowers into 2D‐Platelets Yields Lithium‐Ion Battery Anodes with Capacities of Twice the Theoretical Value

Fabrication of Channeled and Three-Dimensional Electrodes for the Integrated Capture and Detection of Invasive Circulating Tumor Cells during Hematogenous Metastasis

Interfacial Tension-Impelled Self-Assembly and Morphology Tuning of Poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene)/Tellurium Nanocomposites at Various Liquid/Liquid Interfaces

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