Electrostatic spraying of membrane electrode for proton exchange membrane fuel cell

Liu, Ruiliang; Zhou, Wei; Wan, Liyang; Zhang, Pengyang; Li, Shuangli; Gao, Yu; Xu, Dongsheng; Zheng, Congcong; Shang, Mingfeng

doi:10.1016/j.cap.2019.09.016

Cited by 18 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Liu et al studied the optimization of operating voltage and catalyst ink flow, obtaining a maximum of 1.4 W•cm −2 when operating the fuel cell at 2 bar. 52 The improvement in the transport resistance in cathodic layers reported by the Fuel Cells group at CIEMAT was confirmed by Cho et al 53 Interestingly enough, they also reported significant differences in the catalyst layer transport resistance depending on the ionization mode. A more innovative approach was studied by Arai et al, in which the deposition of multilayered catalyst layers with different ionomer/carbon ratios was studied, forming different physical structures depending on the ratio and resulting in an increase in the performance of the cell when compared with homogeneous layers.…”

Section: Latest Work and Innovative Approachesmentioning

confidence: 75%

“…For instance, some groups are pushing toward the optimization of catalyst layer performance, mainly by optimizing layer properties. Liu et al studied the optimization of operating voltage and catalyst ink flow, obtaining a maximum of 1.4 W·cm –2 when operating the fuel cell at 2 bar . The improvement in the transport resistance in cathodic layers reported by the Fuel Cells group at CIEMAT was confirmed by Cho et al Interestingly enough, they also reported significant differences in the catalyst layer transport resistance depending on the ionization mode.…”

Section: Latest Work and Innovative Approachesmentioning

confidence: 93%

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Electrospray Deposition: A Breakthrough Technique for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Catalyst Layer Fabrication

Conde

Ferreira-Aparicio

Chaparro

2021

ACS Appl. Energy Mater.

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This Spotlight article presents the state-of-the-art of electrospray deposition technique applied to the fabrication of proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) components, mainly focusing on catalyst layers in gas diffusion electrodes. The atomization of a suspension of particles over a substrate under the influence of a strong electric field results in the growth of a film with macroporous morphology and many interesting properties. This so-called electrospray deposition has reported many noteworthy beneficial effects for the fabrication of the catalyst layers of gas diffusion electrodes of PEMFCs. The electrosprayed catalyst layers prepared from suspensions of catalyst particles and ionomers present a dendritic macroporous morphology with superhydrophobic character that improves the water management inside the cell and increases the performance by ∼20% with respect to standard electrodes prepared by airbrushing. Other interesting effects observed with electrosprayed catalyst layers are increased catalyst utilization and water absorption capabilities of the ionomer, improved performance under nonhumidified conditions, and a reduction in catalyst degradation. In addition, the electrospray deposition decreases platinum losses during fabrication thanks to the attractive electrostatic forces between the ion mist and the substrate compared with regular ink-based spray methods.

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Section: Latest Work and Innovative Approachesmentioning

confidence: 75%

Section: Latest Work and Innovative Approachesmentioning

confidence: 93%

Electrospray Deposition: A Breakthrough Technique for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Catalyst Layer Fabrication

Conde

Ferreira-Aparicio

Chaparro

2021

ACS Appl. Energy Mater.

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“…There are different ways to manufacture porous electrodes, [2] such as airbrushing, [6] electrospraying, [7] and sieve-printing, [6,8] but also electrospinning. [9,10] The ultimate goal of all fabrication strategies is to create a porous structure that allows for all transport processes to take place efficiently.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of catalyst support morphology on 3D electrode structure and polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell performance

Peter

Stoeckel

Scherer

et al. 2022

Electrochemical Science Adv

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Porous carbon-based electrodes are frequently applied in electrochemical energy technologies, for instance in fuel cells and redox flow batteries. In previous work, we observed that the final structure of a fuel cell electrode is dominated by both the morphology of the support material and its processing into a 3D porous structure. Herein, the impact of catalyst support morphology on the performance of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells was studied comparing carbon-supported platinum catalysts only differing in the shape of the carbon support material with otherwise similar features. Carbon-supported Pt catalysts were obtained by carbonization of polyaniline (PANI) in long fibrous, short fibrous, and granular shape. The chemical identity of the PANI precursors was demonstrated by FTIR spectroscopy and elemental analysis (EA). The final carbon-supported platinum catalysts were characterized by EA, Raman spectroscopy, XRD, and TEM exhibiting similar degree of carbonization, nanoparticle size, and nanoparticle dispersion. The effect of support morphology and the resulting differences in the 3D structure of the porous electrode were investigated by focused ion beam-scanning electron microscopy slice and view technique and correlated to their fuel cell performance.

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“…Notably, the conventional CL is usually prepared from catalyst ink comprising the catalyst, ionomer, and solvent. The catalyst ink is first deposited on the substrate via solution deposition techniques, including ultrasonic spraying, 10 slot-die coating, 11 inkjet printing, 12 electrostatic spraying, 13 and gravure coating, 14 then evaporated, and dried to fabricate a CL. The deposition process of catalyst inks regulates the structure of the CL, including the three-phase interface, 12 pores, 14 Pt utilization rate, 13 and ionomer distribution, 15 thereby affecting the performance of MEAs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The catalyst ink is first deposited on the substrate via solution deposition techniques, including ultrasonic spraying, 10 slot-die coating, 11 inkjet printing, 12 electrostatic spraying, 13 and gravure coating, 14 then evaporated, and dried to fabricate a CL. The deposition process of catalyst inks regulates the structure of the CL, including the three-phase interface, 12 pores, 14 Pt utilization rate, 13 and ionomer distribution, 15 thereby affecting the performance of MEAs. As such, the formation of CLs is closely related to several factors including ink formulation, substrate, deposition technique, and ink rheology.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Dispersion Solvents and Ionomers on the Rheology of Catalyst Inks and Catalyst Layer Structure for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells

Guo

Yang

et al. 2021

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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This study investigated the effects of the dielectric constant (ε) of a dispersion solvent and ionomer content on the rheology of graphitized carbon (GC)-supported Pt catalyst ink and the structure of catalyst layers (CLs). The ionomer dispersions and catalyst inks were tested using rheological techniques, zeta (ξ) potential, and dynamic light scattering measurements. Results showed that increases in the solvent ε or ionomer content increased the ξ-potential of catalyst particles in the ink, which reduced the catalyst agglomerate size. Steady-state and oscillation scans showed that the Pt/GC catalyst ink had shear-thinning properties and gel-like behavior. The ink with a solvent ε of 40 tended to be more Newtonian fluid, with low yield stress (σ y ). The ionomer content altered the rheology of the ink by changing the internal interaction of inks. Solvents with ε of 70 and 55 enhanced the adsorption of ionomers onto catalysts, thereby increasing the adhesion between ink particles and reducing the risk of CL cracking. As the ionomer content increased, the catalyst absorbed more ionomers in inks, increasing the fracture toughness of CLs, which reduced the crack width.

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Electrostatic spraying of membrane electrode for proton exchange membrane fuel cell

Cited by 18 publications

References 32 publications

Electrospray Deposition: A Breakthrough Technique for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Catalyst Layer Fabrication

Electrospray Deposition: A Breakthrough Technique for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Catalyst Layer Fabrication

Impact of catalyst support morphology on 3D electrode structure and polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell performance

Effect of Dispersion Solvents and Ionomers on the Rheology of Catalyst Inks and Catalyst Layer Structure for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells

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