Electrospun PCL/Gel-aligned scaffolds enhance the biomechanical strength in tendon repair

Sheng, Dandan; Li, Jinxiu; Ai, Chengchong; Feng, Sijia; Ying, Ting; Liu, Xingwang; Cai, Jiangyu; Ding, Xiaoquan; Jin, Wenhe; He, Xu; Chen, Jun; Chen, Shiyi

doi:10.1039/c9tb00837c

Cited by 47 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…The samples were cut into 10 × 90 mm and were tested in triplicates, Figure 2. Similar testing conditions were reported elsewhere [44]. coating, at different magnifications.…”

Section: Tensile Testingsupporting

confidence: 57%

Poly(ε-caprolactone) Titanium Dioxide and Cefuroxime Antimicrobial Scaffolds for Cultivation of Human Limbal Stem Cells

Trcin

Zdraveva

Dolenec³

et al. 2020

Polymers

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Limbal Stem Cell Deficiency (LSCD) is a very serious and painful disease that often results in impaired vision. Cultivation of limbal stem cells for clinical application is usually performed on carriers such as amniotic membrane or surgical fibrin gel. Transplantation of these grafts is associated with the risk of local postoperative infection that can destroy the graft and devoid therapeutic benefit. For this reason, electrospun scaffolds are good alternatives, as proven to mimic the natural cells surroundings, while their fabrication technique is versatile with regard to polymer functionalization and scaffolds architecture. This study considers the development of poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) immune-compatible and biodegradable electrospun scaffolds, comprising cefuroxime (CF) or titanium dioxide (TiO2) active components, that provide both bactericidal activity against eye infections and support of limbal stem cells growth in vitro. The PCL/CF scaffolds were prepared by blend electrospinning, while functionalization with the TiO2 particles was performed by ultrasonic post-processing treatment. The fabricated scaffolds were evaluated in regard to their physical structure, wetting ability, static and dynamic mechanical behaviour, antimicrobial efficiency and drug release, through scanning electron microscopy, water contact angle measurement, tensile testing and dynamic mechanical analysis, antimicrobial tests and UV-Vis spectroscopy, respectively. Human limbal stem cells, isolated from surgical remains of human cadaveric cornea, were cultured on the PCL/CF and PCL/TiO2 scaffolds and further identified through immunocytochemistry in terms of cell type thus were stained against p63 marker for limbal stem cells, a nuclear transcription factor and cytokeratin 3 (CK3), a corneal epithelial differentiation marker. The electrospun PCL/CF and PCL/TiO2 successfully supported the adhesion, proliferation and differentiation of the cultivated limbal cells and provided the antimicrobial effect against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans.

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“…The samples were cut into 10 × 90 mm and were tested in triplicates, Figure 2. Similar testing conditions were reported elsewhere [44]. coating, at different magnifications.…”

Section: Tensile Testingsupporting

confidence: 57%

Poly(ε-caprolactone) Titanium Dioxide and Cefuroxime Antimicrobial Scaffolds for Cultivation of Human Limbal Stem Cells

Trcin

Zdraveva

Dolenec³

et al. 2020

Polymers

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“…Electrospinning, the fleece fabrication technology used in this research, is relatively economical, controllable, reproducible, and suitable and has encouraged researchers to use it in tissue engineering, especially for in vivo studies [46,47]. Even if natural substances such as collagen and fibrin [48] are more biocompatible, many synthetic polymers have been used in tendon tissue engineering such as PCL [14,49], PLLA [47,50], chitosan [51], a mixture of polymer PLLA/PCL [52], PCL/Gel [53,54], and PLGA, which has been widely used in tendon tissue engineering [16,40,[55][56][57]. This material has been chosen to fabricate the fleece used in this work since it is FDA-approved and provides sufficient control of degradation [58,59] combined with a sufficient mechanical strength that fosters its application for tissue remodeling and regeneration [60,61].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tendon Biomimetic Electrospun PLGA Fleeces Induce an Early Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition and Tenogenic Differentiation on Amniotic Epithelial Stem Cells

Russo

Khatib

Marcantonio

et al. 2020

Cells

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Background. The design of tendon biomimetic electrospun fleece with Amniotic Epithelial Stem Cells (AECs) that have shown a high tenogenic attitude may represent an alternative strategy to overcome the unsatisfactory results of conventional treatments in tendon regeneration. Methods. In this study, we evaluated AEC-engineered electrospun poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) fleeces with highly aligned fibers (ha-PLGA) that mimic tendon extracellular matrix, their biocompatibility, and differentiation towards the tenogenic lineage. PLGA fleeces with randomly distributed fibers (rd-PLGA) were generated as control. Results. Optimal cell infiltration and biocompatibility with both PLGA fleeces were shown. However, only ha-PLGA fleeces committed AECs towards an Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) after 48 h culture, inducing their cellular elongation along the fibers’ axis and the upregulation of mesenchymal markers. AECs further differentiated towards tenogenic lineage as confirmed by the up-regulation of tendon-related genes and Collagen Type 1 (COL1) protein expression that, after 28 days culture, appeared extracellularly distributed along the direction of ha-PLGA fibers. Moreover, long-term co-cultures of AEC-ha-PLGA bio-hybrids with fetal tendon explants significantly accelerated of half time AEC tenogenic differentiation compared to ha-PLGA fleeces cultured only with AECs. Conclusions. The fabricated tendon biomimetic ha-PLGA fleeces induce AEC tenogenesis through an early EMT, providing a potential tendon substitute for tendon engineering research.

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“…Fibers generated from synthetic polymers have been shown to strengthen the overall scaffold, while the naturally-derived fibers maintain their cell biocompatibility [30]. In other studies, scaffold strength was improved by electrospinning substrates with aligned fibers [31,32]. Moffat et al reported that aligned poly (lacticco-glycolic acid) (PLGA) electrospun fibers exhibited a 3-fold increase in the yield strength compared with unaligned fibers [31].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D printed mesh reinforcements enhance the mechanical properties of electrospun scaffolds

et al. 2019

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Background: There is substantial interest in electrospun scaffolds as substrates for tissue regeneration and repair due to their fibrous, extracellular matrix-like composition with interconnected porosity, cost-effective production, and scalability. However, a common limitation of these scaffolds is their inherently low mechanical strength and stiffness, restricting their use in some clinical applications. In this study we developed a novel technique for 3D printing a mesh reinforcement on electrospun scaffolds to improve their mechanical properties. Methods: A poly (lactic acid) (PLA) mesh was 3D-printed directly onto electrospun scaffolds composed of a 40:60 ratio of poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) to gelatin, respectively. PLA grids were printed onto the electrospun scaffolds with either a 6 mm or 8 mm distance between the struts. Scanning electron microscopy was utilized to determine if the 3D printing process affected the archtitecture of the electrospun scaffold. Tensile testing was used to ascertain mechanical properties (strength, modulus, failure stress, ductility) of both unmodified and reinforced electrospun scaffolds. An in vivo bone graft model was used to assess biocompatibility. Specifically, reinforced scaffolds were used as a membrane cover for bone graft particles implanted into rat calvarial defects, and implant sites were examined histologically. Results: We determined that the tensile strength and elastic modulus were markedly increased, and ductility reduced, by the addition of the PLA meshes to the electrospun scaffolds. Furthermore, the scaffolds maintained their matrix-like structure after being reinforced with the 3D printed PLA. There was no indication at the graft/tissue interface that the reinforced electrospun scaffolds elicited an immune or foreign body response upon implantation into rat cranial defects. Conclusion: 3D-printed mesh reinforcements offer a new tool for enhancing the mechanical strength of electrospun scaffolds while preserving the advantageous extracellular matrix-like architecture. The modification of electrospun scaffolds with 3D-printed reinforcements is expected to expand the range of clinical applications for which electrospun materials may be suitable.

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Electrospun PCL/Gel-aligned scaffolds enhance the biomechanical strength in tendon repair

Abstract: The PCL/Gel-aligned scaffolds could enable to improve the regenerated tendon tissue with highly aligned cells and good mechanical strength in a rabbit patellar tendons injured model.

Cited by 47 publications

References 47 publications

Poly(ε-caprolactone) Titanium Dioxide and Cefuroxime Antimicrobial Scaffolds for Cultivation of Human Limbal Stem Cells

Poly(ε-caprolactone) Titanium Dioxide and Cefuroxime Antimicrobial Scaffolds for Cultivation of Human Limbal Stem Cells

Tendon Biomimetic Electrospun PLGA Fleeces Induce an Early Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition and Tenogenic Differentiation on Amniotic Epithelial Stem Cells

3D printed mesh reinforcements enhance the mechanical properties of electrospun scaffolds

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