Electrospun non-wovens potential wound dressing material based on polyacrylonitrile/chicken feathers keratin nanofiber

Abstract

Electrospinning nanofibers have a tremendous interest in biomedical applications such as tissue engineering, drug administration, and wound healing because of their ability to replicate and restore the function of the natural extracellular matrix found in tissues. The study’s highlight is the electrospinning preparation and characterization of polyacrylonitrile with chicken feather keratin as an additive. In this study, keratin was extracted from chicken feather waste using an environmentally friendly method and used to reinforce polymeric nanofiber mats. Scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy were used to examine the morphology and the structure of the prepared nanofiber mats. The effect of keratin on the porosity and the tensile strength of reinforcing nanofibers is investigated. The porosity ratio of the nanofiber mats goes up from 24.52 ± 2.12 for blank polyacrylonitrile (PAN (NF)) to 90.89 ± 1.91% for polyacrylonitrile nanofiber with 0.05 wt% keratin (PAN/0.05% K). Furthermore, keratin reinforcement improves the nanofiber's mechanical properties, which are important for wound dressing application, as well as its antibacterial activity without causing hemolysis (less than 2%). The best antibacterial activities were observed against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (30 ± 0.17 mm inhibition zone) and Staphylococcus aureus (29 ± 0.31 mm inhibition zone) for PAN/0.05% K sample, according to the antibacterial test. This research has a good potential to broaden the use of feather keratin-based nanofibers in wound healing.

Sustainable Sources of Raw Materials for Additive Manufacturing of Bone‐Substituting Biomaterials

“…[32] These biomass can be used as a source of keratin, which can be extracted using green methods, such as enzymatic or chemical-free hydrolysis. [170] Keratin from chicken feathers, [171] wool, [172][173][174] and human hair [175,176] has been developed into hydrogels for wound dressing, bone scaffolds, as well as wearable and implantable medical devices (Figure 5d).…”

Ag and MoO3 Nanoparticle-Containing Polyacrylonitrile Nanofiber Membranes for Wound Dressings

“…It involves applying materials or products to cover and protect the injured area, creating an optimal environment for natural healing. Wound dressings have multiple functions, including providing a barrier against external contaminants, controlling moisture levels, promoting tissue regeneration, and reducing the risk of bacterial infection. , Advances in wound dressing technology have resulted in different types of dressings, such as gauze dressings, hydrogels, foams, films, and specialized antimicrobial dressings that contain substances like nanoparticles, − antibiotics, and plant extracts. , …”

“…Wound dressings have multiple functions, including providing a barrier against external contaminants, controlling moisture levels, promoting tissue regeneration, and reducing the risk of bacterial infection. 3,4 Advances in wound dressing technology have resulted in different types of dressings, such as gauze dressings, hydrogels, foams, films, and specialized antimicrobial dressings that contain substances like nanoparticles, 5−7 antibiotics, 8 and plant extracts. 9,10 The utilization of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in wound dressings has emerged as a promising strategy in the field of wound care and management.…”

Antibacterial Activity of Molybdenum Oxide–Polyacrylonitrile Composite Membrane with Fast Silver Ion Reduction

“…To tackle this challenge of preventing infections of microorganisms, there has been active research in alternative antibacterial technologies that could replace conventional remedial treatment. , Unlike antiseptic drugs that attack sites within the cells, metal-containing nanomaterials possess inherent passive antibacterial mechanisms that make them less prone to resistance. These mechanisms involve direct interactions with microorganisms, the release of metal ions that generate reactive oxygen species (ROS), and the indirect enhancement of ROS production that helps to combat bacteria. ,− Moreover, these nanomaterials possess properties that can be easily modified and tailored according to needs, making them more flexible compared to antibiotics. Despite the advantages of using metal-based nanomaterials for their passive antibacterial properties, they can still have some drawbacks.…”

“…These mechanisms involve direct interactions with microorganisms, the release of metal ions that generate reactive oxygen species (ROS), and the indirect enhancement of ROS production that helps to combat bacteria. 7 , 9 − 11 Moreover, these nanomaterials possess properties that can be easily modified and tailored according to needs, making them more flexible compared to antibiotics. Despite the advantages of using metal-based nanomaterials for their passive antibacterial properties, they can still have some drawbacks.…”