Electrospun Composites Made of Reduced Graphene Oxide and Activated Carbon Nanofibers for Capacitive Deionization

Asymmetric capacitive deionization utilizing nitric acid treated activated carbon fiber as the cathode

“…Carbon aerogels [4][5][6], materials based on activated carbon [7][8][9][10][11], carbide derived carbon [12,13], mesoporous carbon [14][15][16], carbon nanotubes [17,18], graphene [19][20][21], and hybrid materials [22][23][24][25][26][27] have been widely studied as electrode materials of CDI cells.…”

Concentration‐Gradient Multichannel Flow‐Stream Membrane Capacitive Deionization Cell for High Desalination Capacity of Carbon Electrodes

“…[1] CDI has attracted academic and industrial attention as an ovel desalination process owing to its advantagessuch as high energyefficiency,environmental friendliness, and high water recovery. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9] The conventionalC DI cell concept [10] utilizesapair (or multiple pairs)o fn anoporous carbon electrodes separated by aspacertoprevent the electric short circuit and to provideaflow channel for feed water.T he most common CDI operation is constituted of two steps, namely,t he charging half-cycle (purification/electroadsorption) and discharging half-cycle (regeneration/electrodesorption) steps. [11] During the first step, the porous electrode pair is chargedb ya na pplied voltage, ands alt ions are electroadsorbed onto the oppositely charged electrode by electrical double-layer (EDL) formation at the interface of the porous electrode and water.T herefore, salt ions are immobilized from the aqueous feed solution.T he adsorbed ions are released from the electrodes in the discharging step, whichi so perated with reversed polarity or short circuit, resulting in aconcentrated effluent stream.…”

Porous carbon derived from Metal–organic framework (MOF) for capacitive deionization electrode

“…Therefore, the specific surface area of electrode material directly affects the electrosorption capacity. Carbon materials with large surface area such as activated carbon (AC) [3,7], carbon nanotube (CNT) [8], activated carbon fiber (ACF) [9], mesoporous carbons (MC) [10], carbon aerogel (CA) [11,12], and graphene [13,14] have been thoroughly studied as electrode material due to their high specific surface area, large pore volume, good conductivity, and chemical stability. Very recently, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), crystalline compounds consisting of metal ions coordinated to rigid organic molecules to form one-, two-, or three-dimensional structures [15], have been demonstrated as novel templates to prepare porous carbon (PC) by carbonization [16], and the obtained PCs showed exceptionally high surface areas and the ability to control their pore textures [17].…”