“…Hence, to obtain nanofibers, chitosan can be mixed with readily spun polymers such as PVA 7,22,23 and polyethylene oxide (PEO). 24 PVA is considered as one of the oldest and most frequently used synthetic polymers with good biocompatibility properties. 25 In order to enhance the antibacterial activity of dressing mats against both drug-sensitive and drug-resistant pathogenic bacteria, Lee et al incorporated silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) into a blend of chitosan and PVA polymeric mats.…”
“…Hence, to obtain nanofibers, chitosan can be mixed with readily spun polymers such as PVA 7,22,23 and polyethylene oxide (PEO). 24 PVA is considered as one of the oldest and most frequently used synthetic polymers with good biocompatibility properties. 25 In order to enhance the antibacterial activity of dressing mats against both drug-sensitive and drug-resistant pathogenic bacteria, Lee et al incorporated silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) into a blend of chitosan and PVA polymeric mats.…”
“…8,9,14,15 Our earlier studies have also demonstrated that solution cast brous nanocomposite structures with high cellulose nanobers concentrations (75 wt%) and collagen provide mechanical performance suitable for ligaments. 8,9 Also, our previous studies have demonstrated the noncytotoxicity of nanocellulose from different sources and their potential in medical applications.…”
Fully bio-based 3-dimensional porous scaffolds based on freeze-dried cellulose nanofibers (70-90 wt%) stabilized using a genipin crosslinked matrix of gelatin and chitosan were prepared. Morphology studies using scanning electron microscopy showed that the scaffolds have interconnected pores with average pore diameters of 75-200 mm and nanoscaled pore wall roughness, both favorable for cell interactions with cartilage repair. X-ray tomography confirmed the 3-dimensional homogeneity and interconnectivity of the pores as well as the fibrillar structure of the scaffolds. The compression modulus of the scaffolds (1-3 MPa) at room conditions was higher than natural cartilage (z1 MPa). The lowered compression modulus of 10-60 kPa in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) at 37 C was considered favorable for chondrogenesis. The current study therefore successfully addressed the challenge of tailoring the pore structure and mechanical properties simultaneously for cartilage regeneration. Furthermore, the scaffolds' high porosity (z95%), high PBS uptake and good cytocompatibility towards chondrocytes are considered beneficial for cell attachment and extracellular matrix (ECM) production.
“…Mechanical strength and increase in modulus as well as ultimate strain reduction after crosslinking is an expected behavior. 4 In fact forming intra-and inter-fiber bonding leads scaffold to be more resistant to deformation. Lower tensile strain after GA crosslinking is also attributable to reduced molecular mobility in the crosslinked polymer network.…”
“…3 In some cases, crosslinking pose unwanted structural or functional effects on final scaffold. 4,5 Chemical crosslinking, which is based on using small molecules containing reactive groups capable of forming covalent bonds with polymer functional sites, suffers from the potential cytotoxicity of the residual crosslinkers and its side-effects on biocompatibility should be always considered. 2 When using photocrosslinking, there is always the possibility of either polymer chain scission or crosslinking.…”
In the current study, hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) based nanofibers were fabricated through electrospinning and then made water insoluble by chemical and photochemical crosslinking. Structural, thermal, and functional performances of electrospun fibers before and after crosslinking were fully assessed by a numerous techniques including microscopy, porosimetry, mechanical analysis, and cell culture study. Both crosslinking procures were found to able to preserve fibrous structure in an aqueous environment for short times, however; chemical process conferred better long-term morphological stability and cell compatibility. These findings suggest that chemically crosslinked HEC mats may perform as a promising electrospun tissue engineering scaffold. V C 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43832.
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