Electropolymerisation of 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene in aqueous solutions

Abstract

The potentiostatic electrosynthesis of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) in aqueous media without addition to the solution of any kind of surfactant has been studied by electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM) and by spectroelectrochemistry. These tandem techniques have given valuable new information about the electropolymerisation process, allowing us to relate absorbance-charge and frequency-charge relationships to: (i) oligomers generation and chain propagation, as far as the length leading to precipitation is reached; (ii) growing of the polymer deposit and concomitant p-doping, and even (iii) overoxidation of the polymer film. An analysis of the whole of the data, in fact, shows that the charge spent is not necessarily totally involved in the polymer deposit formation, growth, and p-doping, so that it is necessary to be particularly careful in the fitting of the experimental data to linear models.

Preparation and characterisation of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/poly(neutral red) modified carbon film electrodes, and application as sensors for hydrogen peroxide

“…Electropolymerisation, carried out using the three electrochemical techniques, is shown in taking into account the studies in [25,26], where it was observed that overoxidation of PEDOT takes place at potentials higher than +1.1 V, and also that at potentials lower than 0.9…”

Electronic Control over Detachment of a Self-Doped Water-Soluble Conjugated Polyelectrolyte

“…EQCM is used to study small changes in mass depending on the applied voltage. 37,38 In QCM-D measurements the frequency response reflects the viscoelastic properties, thickness and density of any mass coupled to the quartz crystal that will appear as a change in frequency (f) and dissipation (D) at various overtones. 39 electrochemistry module connected to a Q-Sense (E4) chamber and an Autolab PGSTAT 10 was used as the potentiostat setup.…”

Spectroelectrochemical study of the electrosynthesis of Pt nanoparticles/poly(3,4-(ethylenedioxythiophene) composite

“…Aqueous solutions were prepared using high-quality water (resistivity of 18.2 MΩ·cm, Milli-Q A10 system, Millipore). 5 Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) images were taken under high vacuum conditions with a JEOL JSM-6335F. Energy Dispersive X-Ray (EDX) spectra were recorded with the X-Ray spectrometer of a Scanning Electron Microscope JEOL JSM-6460LV.…”

“…Very different reaction mechanisms have been evaluated, providing insight into the reaction intermediates, the electrosynthesis of diverse materials or the behavior of a material towards a specific analyte [1][2][3]. In particular, UV-Visible-NIR and Raman spectroelectrochemistry have been proven to be very useful for studying the synthesis and for characterizing conducting polymers [4][5][6][7]. These types of polymers have been applied in different material science areas such as light emitting diodes, sensors and biosensors, solar cells or fuel cells [8][9][10][11][12].…”