Electroplating and characterization of cobalt–nickel–iron and nickel–iron for magnetic microsystems applications

Rasmussen, Frank Engel; Ravnkilde, Jan Tue; Tang, Peter Torben; Hansen, Ole; Bouwstra, S.

doi:10.1016/s0924-4247(01)00556-8

Cited by 70 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…As a consequence, the formation of an insoluble Fe x (OH) y intermediate species adsorbed at the electrode surface occurs 30 , hindering the Ni, and promoting the Fe deposition rate. A similar observation was reported previously for pulse reverse deposition of CoFeNi alloys 31 . However the described effect is the weakest for the pulse current densities at which the electrode potential is in the rage of the maximum additive adsorption/coverage at CoFeNi surface (j = -15 mAcm -2 to -25 mAcm -2 , Figure 5).…”

Section: Edx Analysis Of Cofeni Alloyssupporting

confidence: 90%

Influence of Additive Adsorption on Properties of Pulse Deposited CoFeNi Alloys

Brankovic

Vasiljević

Klemmer

et al. 2005

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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In this paper we present results obtained for pulse current deposition of the CoFeNi magnetic alloys. Depending on the magnitude of pulse currents used in electrodeposition experiments, different conditions for additive adsorption are formed influencing the surface quality, the crystal structure and the coercivity of the CoFeNi films. The potential of the electrode surface during the pulse stage relative to the potential of the maximum additive adsorption is investigated and correlated to the CoFeNi alloy composition and concentration of incorporated C, S, and O inclusions in the deposit. The content of S, O, and C in the CoFeNi alloy is found to be dependent on the potential of the electrode surface during the pulse stage and the potential of the maximum additive incorporation is determined. The anomalous co-deposition effect was found to be moderate in the potential range where maximum surface coverage of additives is expected causing the composition of the CoFeNi films and their crystal structure to have relatively mild change for a broad range of pulse current densities.* Electrochemical Society active member. z e-mail: Stanko.R.Brankovic@seagate.com 1

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Section: Edx Analysis Of Cofeni Alloyssupporting

confidence: 90%

Influence of Additive Adsorption on Properties of Pulse Deposited CoFeNi Alloys

Brankovic

Vasiljević

Klemmer

et al. 2005

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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“…Poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) (Slygard 184, Dow Corning) was poured onto the mold, allowed to cure for 1 hour at 65 • C, and peeled off. A lift-off process (Wolf, 1986) was used to define a base layer of evaporated metal (Ti/Au, 10 nm/50 nm) in the form of a microneedle (20 mm in X, 100 μm in Y, 50 μm in Z) or microcomb (3.8 mm in X, 12 mm in Y, 50 μm in Z with teeth 300 μm in X and spaced by 200 μm in Y) on a glass substrate that was then electroplated (1 mA for 4 hr) with a 50 μm thick layer of magnetic material (80% Ni, 20% Fe), as previously described (Rasmussen et al, 2001). The PDMS channel and the glass substrate with the NiFe layer were exposed to oxygen plasma (100 W, 60 sec) and bonded together.…”

Section: Microsystem Fabricationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the present study, we chose a soft magnetic material (NiFe) with low remnant magnetization that was magnetized with an external stationary magnet to facilitate rapid and switchable control of separations. The NiFe layer has a saturation magnetization ∼0.6T (Rasmussen et al, 2001).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Combined microfluidic-micromagnetic separation of living cells in continuous flow

Xia

Hunt

Mayers

et al. 2006

Biomed Microdevices

348

317

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This paper describes a miniaturized, integrated, microfluidic device that can pull molecules and living cells bound to magnetic particles from one laminar flow path to another by applying a local magnetic field gradient, and thus selectively remove them from flowing biological fluids without any wash steps. To accomplish this, a microfabricated high-gradient magnetic field concentrator (HGMC) was integrated at one side of a microfluidic channel with two inlets and outlets. When magnetic micro- or nano-particles were introduced into one flow path, they remained limited to that flow stream. In contrast, when the HGMC was magnetized, the magnetic beads were efficiently pulled from the initial flow path into the collection stream, thereby cleansing the original fluid. Using this microdevice, living E. coli bacteria bound to magnetic nanoparticles were efficiently removed from flowing solutions containing densities of red blood cells similar to that found in blood. Because this microdevice allows large numbers of beads and cells to be sorted simultaneously, has no capacity limit, and does not lose separation efficiency as particles are removed, it may be especially useful for separations from blood or other clinical samples. This on-chip HGMC-microfluidic separator technology may potentially allow cell separations to be carried out in the field outside of hospitals and clinical laboratories.

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“…In the last few years, intensive studies [2,3] have been done on these materials to explore their unique soft magnetic properties. New soft magnetic materials with greater performance are desirable due to rapid increase of areal density (bits per square inch of recording medium) of data storage in computer drives [4], advanced miniaturization and high capability electromagnetic devices in MEMS [5,6]. Numerous Co-based ternary alloys such as Co-Fe-B [7], CoFe-Cu [8] and Co-Ni-Fe [9,10] are among the potential candidates to serve the purpose.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potentiostatic Electrodeposition of Co-Ni-Fe Alloy Particles Thin Film in a Sulfate Medium

Hanafi¹,

Daud²,

Radiman³

2017

Port. Electrochim. Acta

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The aim of this study was to produce thin films of ternary cobalt-nickel-iron (Co-NiFe) alloy by electrochemical deposition method at different electrodeposition potentials in a sulfate solution (0.15 M CoSO 4 + 0.2 M NiSO 4 + 0.005 M FeSO 4 ). The Co-Ni-Fe alloy thin films were electrodeposited on indium-doped tin oxide (ITO) coated on a conducting glass substrate. Voltammetric studies indicated the potential range between -1.10 to -1.30 V (SCE) for successful deposition of Co, Ni and Fe. The energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis indicated that the films exhibited anomalous behavior with Ni content significantly increased, whereas the Co and Fe content decreased as the electrodeposition potentials reached more negative values. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) study showed that the electrodeposited films were uniform for all applied potential values and larger particles were formed when higher electrodeposition potentials were applied. Investigation by X-ray diffraction (XRD) revealed that the dominant phase in the deposited film was amorphous Co-Ni-Fe. Hysteresis curves of the ternary alloy film obtained from vibrating sample magnetometer results prove that the alloy is ferromagnetic. The coercivity mechanism of the Co-Ni-Fe films has obeyed Neel's relation which is thickness dependence.

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Electroplating and characterization of cobalt–nickel–iron and nickel–iron for magnetic microsystems applications

Cited by 70 publications

References 8 publications

Influence of Additive Adsorption on Properties of Pulse Deposited CoFeNi Alloys

Influence of Additive Adsorption on Properties of Pulse Deposited CoFeNi Alloys

Combined microfluidic-micromagnetic separation of living cells in continuous flow

Potentiostatic Electrodeposition of Co-Ni-Fe Alloy Particles Thin Film in a Sulfate Medium

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