Electrophysiological responses to images ranging in motivational salience: Attentional abnormalities associated with schizophrenia-spectrum disorder risk

Martin, Elizabeth A.; Li, Lilian Y.; Castro, Mayan K.

doi:10.1038/s41598-020-61504-2

Cited by 14 publications

(14 citation statements)

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“…An additional and complementary explanation of that effect may refer to the degree or the magnitude of the saliency features of the presented faces and, therefore, to the specificity of these saliency effects. Both analysed ERP components are modulated by the saliency of stimuli (P3— Teixiero et al., 2010 ; LPP— Martin et al. , 2020 ) and thus, substantially increased P3 and LPP amplitudes to the self-face may reflect the extreme saliency of this stimulus, in line with other studies ( Humphreys and Sui, 2015 ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Self-face and emotional faces—are they alike?

Żochowska

Nowicka

Wójcik

et al. 2021

Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience

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The image of one’s own face is a particularly distinctive feature of the self. The self-face differs from other faces not only in respect of its familiarity, but also in respect of its subjective emotional significance and saliency. The current study aimed at elucidating similarities/dissimilarities between processing of one’s own face and emotional faces: happy faces (based on the self-positive bias) and fearful faces (because of their high perceptual saliency, a feature shared with self-face face). EEG data were collected in the group of 30 participants who performed a simple detection task. ERP analyses indicated significantly increased P3 and LPP amplitudes to the self-face in comparison to all other faces: fearful, happy, and neutral. Permutation tests confirmed the differences between the self-face and all three types of other faces for numerous electrode sites and in broad time windows. Representational similarity analysis, in turn, revealed distinct processing of the self-face and did not provide any evidence in favour of similarities between the self-face and emotional (either negative or positive) faces. These findings strongly suggest that the self-face processing do not resemble those of emotional faces, thus implying that prioritized self-referential processing is driven by the subjective relevance of one’s own face.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Self-face and emotional faces—are they alike?

Żochowska

Nowicka

Wójcik

et al. 2021

Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience

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“…The findings of decreased implicit positive affect in SocAnh are consistent with some other findings suggesting SocAnh is associated with decreased responses in other positive affect measures. For instance, in an ERP study that examined the late positive potential (LPP), there was evidence of a decreased early response to positive stimuli in SocAnh, with SocAnh also associated with a relatively smaller LPP for positive than for negative stimuli (Martin et al, 2017, 2019). In another study that employed a linguistic analysis of a free writing period, SocAnh was associated with decreased used of positive words, even after a positive mood induction (Fung et al, 2017).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Explicit and Implicit Affect and Judgment in Schizotypy

et al. 2019

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Although emotion deficits in schizotypy have been reported, the exact nature of these deficits is now well understood. Specifically, for social anhedonia (SocAnh), there are questions about whether any decrease in positive affect only reflects an explicit bias not observed in other measures (e.g., implicit affect measure). At the same time, for individuals with elevated levels of perceptual aberrations or magical ideation (PerMag), there is some evidence of an increased influence of affect on judgment. It is also possible that the influence of implicit affect on judgment might be especially pronounced in PerMag; however, this has not been previously examined. The current study involved people with elevated levels of SocAnh ( n = 95), elevated levels of PerMag ( n = 62), and people with average or lower levels of both ( n = 246). We found that SocAnh was associated with decreases in both explicit and implicit positive affect. We also found that PerMag was related to stronger relationships between implicit affect, both positive and negative, and a judgment task. These results suggest that decreased positive affect is a core feature of SocAnh and that a heightened influence of affect could be related to the development of peculiar beliefs/experiences associated with PerMag.

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“…Power analysis indicated that a sample size of 25 participants per group was sufficient to test the primary hypothesis of the current study (see Supplementary Materials for more details). Further details on screening and recruitment are available in Martin, Li, and Castro (2020). 1 Eight participants were excluded due to equipment failure (n = 2, one from each group) and low reliability of their CNV, defined as having fewer trials than needed to achieve a dependability point estimate of 0.7 (n = 6, three from each group).…”

Section: Participants and Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They were not included in the current analysis due to low reliability of their CNV. Specifically, 190 trials were needed to achieve a dependability point estimate of 0.7 for participants with elevated social anhedonia, which exceeds the total number of trials.2 To minimize participant burden, they only rated a random subset of 30 images previously viewed from the serial instrumental learning task and from another, unrelated task reported inMartin et al (2020).Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci (2020) 20:873-887…”

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confidence: 99%

What you want may not be what you like: A test of the aberrant salience hypothesis in schizophrenia risk

Castro

Martin

2020

Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci

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Motivational abnormalities represent a key area of dysfunction in individuals with, or at risk for, schizophrenia and severely limit broad domains of functioning in these populations. The aberrant salience hypothesis posits that motivational abnormalities are the result of an over-attribution of salience to nonpleasurable stimuli but an under-attribution of salience to pleasurable ones. Consequently, people "want" what they do not "like" but do not "want" what they "like." However, it is unclear how this hypothesis manifests in schizophrenia risk beyond monetary rewards. The current research provided a multimodal investigation of the aberrant salience hypothesis in people with elevated psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) who are at risk for developing psychosis. Study 1 examined the link between liking and incentive salience using a neurobiological indicator of incentive salience (contingent negative variation/CNV) in 23 PLEs and 21 Control participants. The PLEs group showed diminished CNV reactivity to pleasant (vs. neutral) social images, which was driven by an augmented response to neutral stimuli. Study 2 examined liking, incentive salience, and conscious wanting experience using a psychological indicator of incentive salience (positive spontaneous thoughts/PSTs) in 38 PLEs and 246 Control participants. The PLEs group showed diminished correspondence between liking, PSTs, and conscious wanting across diverse reward contexts. Collectively, individuals with PLEs overattribute salience to neutral stimuli and, to a lesser degree, under-attribute salience to rewards. Findings of the current research support abnormal salience attribution as a trait-like feature implicated in the pathophysiology and development of schizophrenia and provide valuable insights on research and treatment of this illness.

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Electrophysiological responses to images ranging in motivational salience: Attentional abnormalities associated with schizophrenia-spectrum disorder risk

Abstract: current study. We further explore whether there were earlier selective attention abnormalities in at-risk groups, evidenced by deviant EPN amplitudes.

Cited by 14 publications

References 82 publications

Self-face and emotional faces—are they alike?

Self-face and emotional faces—are they alike?

Explicit and Implicit Affect and Judgment in Schizotypy

What you want may not be what you like: A test of the aberrant salience hypothesis in schizophrenia risk

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