Electrophysiological and Behavioral Responses of Male Fall Webworm Moths (Hyphantria cunea) to Herbivory-Induced Mulberry (Morus alba) Leaf Volatiles

Abstract

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were collected from damaged and intact mulberry leaves (Morus alba L., Moraceae) and from Hyphantria cunea larvae by headspace absorption with Super Q columns. We identified their constituents using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and evaluated the responses of male H. cunea antennae to the compounds using gas chromatography-flame ionization detection coupled with electroantennographic detection. Eleven VOC constituents were found to stimulate antennae of male H. cunea moths: β-ocimene, hexanal, cis-3-hexenal, limonene, trans-2-hexenal, cyclohexanone, cis-2-penten-1-ol, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, 4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone, trans-3-hexen-1-ol, and 2,4-dimethyl-3-pentanol. Nine of these chemicals were released by intact, mechanically-damaged, and herbivore-damaged leaves, while cis-2-penten-1-ol was released only by intact and mechanically-damaged leaves and β-ocimene was released only by herbivore-damaged leaves. Results from wind tunnel experiments conducted with volatile components indicated that male moths were significantly more attracted to herbivory-induced volatiles than the solvent control. Furthermore, male moths' attraction to a sex pheromone lure was increased by herbivory-induced compounds and β-ocimene, but reduced by cis-2-penten-1-ol. A proof long-range field trapping experiment showed that the efficiency of sex pheromone lures in trapping male moths was increased by β-ocimene and reduced by cis-2-penten-1-ol.

Identification and testing of oviposition attractant chemical compounds for Musca domestica

“…The head space absorption method was used for collecting volatile blends from substrates, following previous protocols 36 37 . Odor compounds were collected at 25 °C using 0.3 g of super-Q absorbent (80/100, Alltech, Deerfield, IL, USA) for 24 h at 50 ml/min air flow rate and eluted with 1.5 ml hexane solvent.…”

“…GC-EAD was used for the identification of bioactive compounds in female flies. Antennae were processed following standard procedures by cutting both extremes of flagella and immediately mounted with two glass capillary Ag/AgCl electrodes containing Kaissling saline (glucose 354 mmol/l, KCl 6.4 mmol/l, KH 2 PO 4 20 mmol/l, MgCl 2 12 mmol/l, CaCl 2 1 mmol/l, NaCl 12 mmol/l, KOH 9.6 mmol/l, pH 6.5) 36 37 and an identical GC column was used under the same temperature program as GC-MS with detector at 230 °C. Electroantennogram signals and flame ionization detector (FID) responses from the GC were recorded simultaneously.…”

Volatiles from non‐host aromatic plants repel tea green leafhopper Empoasca vitis

“…The apparatus for the headspace collection of volatile compounds released from the living aromatic plants in the field involved a push/pull system modified from Tang et al (2012). All of the glassware components of the apparatus were carefully cleaned, washed with acetone, and heated at 100°C overnight before use.…”

Dedicated acetic acid preference coded by broad spectrum ionotropic receptors in a moth species

“…The wind tunnel experiments and data process methods were adopted from a previous study on lepidopterous insects in a dark room [65]. One to 3 day newly emerged female M. separata moths were collected and blocked into two groups.…”