Electrophoretic deposition of SnO2 nanoparticles using low frequency AC electric fields

EPD kinetics: A review

“…38 In those cases, frequency is added to time and voltage as electrical parameters to be considered in the kinetics. Studies concerning AC electrophoresis have been performed which indicate a decrease in the deposition yield with an increase in the frequency, 39,40 while demonstrating advantages such as the material deposition occurring at both electrodes. Now, further research work is needed to determine the role of particles-substrate interaction under an electric field, to predict particle arrangement and to design micro and nano-pattern materials.…”

Particle size separation by alternating electrophoretic deposition

“…5 In this work, we show that the low frequency ACEPD technique is capable of separating particles of different sizes from each other. * Corresponding author.…”

“…Our previous work carries a description of the technique for preparation of the suspension and a schematic illustration of the ACEPD cell. 5,6 Particles were deposited in the suspension at 40 V for 10 min at different frequencies (1 Hz, 100 Hz, 500 Hz, and 1000 Hz). By means of ultrasonic vibration the deposited particles were separated from the electrodes and dispersed in deionized water.…”

Electrophoretic Deposition (EPD): Fundamentals and Applications from Nano- to Micro-Scale Structures

“…Although hydrothermal process is the most popular technique for the synthesis of tungsten oxide [93], it needs several additional steps to complete the procedure; EPD has the significant advantage of having control over the whole process via manipulating pH level, process duration, and electrical power [41]. In the experiment, nanorods of WO 3 were dispersed in deionized water with a pH level of around 6.77. Indium tin oxide glass (ITO-glass is a transparent conductive solid solution of In 2 O 3 and SnO 2 ) was used as the working electrode with positive charge, and the process was done at a constant current of 0.8 mA/cm 2 .…”

“…The deposited particles form the intended material or device [1]. Both alternating current (AC) and direct current (DC) electrical fields have been applied in EPD process, although DC fields are more common [1][2][3]. Highly versatile application, simple apparatus and equipment, short processing time, cost effectiveness, facile modification, desirable dense packing of particles in the final piece, high quality of the microstructures produced, easy production of geometrically complicated shapes and simple control of the thickness and morphology have made EPD an interesting technique both in academia and industry [1,4].…”