Electrophoretic deposition of lawsone loaded bioactive glass (BG)/chitosan composite on polyetheretherketone (PEEK)/BG layers as antibacterial and bioactive coating

Abstract

In this study, chitosan/bioactive glass (BG)/lawsone coatings were deposited by electrophoretic deposition (EPD) on polyetheretherketone (PEEK)/BG layers (previously deposited by EPD on 316-L stainless steel) to produce bioactive and antibacterial coatings. First, the EPD of chitosan/BG/lawsone was optimized on stainless steel in terms of suspension stability, homogeneity and thickness of coatings. Subsequently, the optimized EPD parameters were used to produce bioresorbable chitosan/bioactive glass (BG)/lawsone coatings on PEEK/BG layers. The produced layered coatings were characterized in terms of composition, microstructure, corrosion resistance, in vitro bioactivity, drug release kinetics and antibacterial activity. Ultraviolet/Visible (UV/VIS) spectroscopic analyses confirmed the release of lawsone from the coatings. Moreover, the deposition of chitosan/BG coatings was confirmed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The coated specimens presented higher corrosion resistance (10 times) in comparison to that of bare 316-L stainless steel and showed convenient wettability for initial protein attachment. The presence of lawsone in the top layer provided antibacterial effects against Staphylococcus carnosus. Moreover, the developed coatings formed apatite-like crystals upon immersion in simulated body fluid, indicating the possibility of achieving close interaction between the coating surface and bone. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 106A: 3111-3122, 2018.

Curcumin-Containing Orthopedic Implant Coatings Deposited on Poly-Ether-Ether-Ketone/Bioactive Glass/Hexagonal Boron Nitride Layers by Electrophoretic Deposition

“…Moreover, the filling of pores present in PEEK/BG/h-BN layer with chitosan/curcumin could also be a useful feature to control the release of the drug for longer periods of time. This phenomenon has been suggested previously in similar PEEK/chitosan-based multilayer coatings [28]. The roughness results obtained in this study are in agreement with the previous results reported by Rehman et al [28].…”

“…The "hit and trial" method was used to optimize the EPD process for chitosan/curcumin coatings on 316L SS substrates. EPD of chitosan-based coatings was optimized in our previous studies [28,46], which illustrated that the optimum electrode distance was 1 cm (therefore, the distance between electrodes was kept at 1 cm in this study). Moreover, the deposition time was also studied in this work (data not shown here), which elucidated that the increase in deposition time led to inhomogeneities in the deposited coatings.…”

“…The region between 340 to 440 • C indicates the melting and flow behavior of PEEK without significant mass loss. The onset of degradation of PEEK started at 440 • C [28], and all polymeric chains underwent scission into tiny parts at about 472 • C, with complete burning at about 550 • C, having approximately a 79% residue corresponding to the inorganic components of BG and h-BN.…”

“…Moreover, curcumin may be released in a sustained manner from the multilayer coating (chitosan/curcumin deposited on PEEK/BG/h-BN film) to provide antibacterial effects. The concept of multilayer coatings composed of PEEK and chitosan-based coatings obtained by EPD has been introduced recently [28]; however, the use of curcumin in the chitosan layer has been investigated for the first time in this study.…”

Nanocomposite coatings obtained by electrophoretic co-deposition of poly(etheretherketone)/graphene oxide suspensions

“…However, it has also been used for purification, particle size reduction (in sizes ranging from nano-to micrometres), and development of specific particle morphology [32,33] and sonochemical synthesis [34][35][36]. Despite its benefits, TS has been rarely used in preparing PEEK suspensions for EPD [37][38][39] in comparison with bath ultrasonication [6,[40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53].…”