Curcumin-Containing Orthopedic Implant Coatings Deposited on Poly-Ether-Ether-Ketone/Bioactive Glass/Hexagonal Boron Nitride Layers by Electrophoretic Deposition

Abstract

Electrophoretic deposition (EPD) was used to produce a multilayer coatings system based on chitosan/curcumin coatings on poly-ether-ether-ketone (PEEK)/bioactive glass (BG)/hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) layers (previously deposited by EPD on 316L stainless steel) to yield bioactive and antibacterial coatings intended for orthopedic implants. Initially, PEEK/BG/h-BN coatings developed on 316L stainless steel (SS) substrates were analyzed for wear studies. Then, the EPD of chitosan/curcumin was optimized on 316L SS for suspension stability, thickness, and homogeneity of the coatings. Subsequently, the optimized EPD parameters were applied to produce chitosan/curcumin coatings on the PEEK/BG/h-BN layers. The multilayered coatings produced by EPD were characterized in terms of composition, microstructure, drug release kinetics, antibacterial activity, and in vitro bioactivity. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) confirmed the deposition of chitosan/curcumin on the multilayer coating system. The release of curcumin upon immersion of multilayer coatings in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) was confirmed by ultraviolet/visible (UV/VIS) spectroscopic analysis. The antibacterial effect of chitosan/curcumin as the top coating was determined by turbidity tests (optical density measurements). Moreover, the multilayer coating system formed an apatite-like layer upon immersion in simulated body fluid (SBF), which is similar in composition to the hydroxyapatite component of bone, confirming the possibility of achieving close bonding between bone and the coating surface.

Ag–Sr doped mesoporous bioactive glass nanoparticles loaded chitosan/gelatin coating for orthopedic implants

“…Surface coatings on metallic implants can be useful in various aspects such as bioactivity, corrosion resistance, cell adhesion, and local drug delivery. 30 For surface coatings, we have used EPD which was discovered by Bose during a liquid-siphon experiment and classified into two further types i-e anodic and cathodic EPD, depending upon the material used. The substrate used in this study was 316L SS due to its mechanical strength, corrosion resistance, cost-effectiveness, and for these reasons, it is the most widely used material for fixation of medicinal implants.…”

“…The substrate used in this study was 316L SS due to its mechanical strength, corrosion resistance, cost-effectiveness, and for these reasons, it is the most widely used material for fixation of medicinal implants. 30 In this research, cathodic EPD was used because of improved coating thickness and uniformity of the deposits, resilience in the architecture of implant/substrate used for coatings, and profitable process. Both direct and alternating current can be used in EPD process but mostly direct current is used.…”

Ag and Mn-doped mesoporous bioactive glass nanoparticles incorporated into the chitosan/gelatin coatings deposited on PEEK/bioactive glass layers for favorable osteogenic differentiation and antibacterial activity

“…26 The intrinsic roughness of PB layers has been used in the literature to infiltrate biologically active molecules along with different drugs to improve the biocompatibility and to provide the antibacterial effect. [26][27][28] Accordingly, in this study, we have developed multi-structured coatings consisting of CG/Mn-Ag MBGNs (labeled as CGAgMnB) layers deposited on PB layers for the first time. In our previous study, we deposited silver nanocluster-silica composite coatings on PB layers.…”

Fabrication and Characterization of Ag-Sr Doped Hydroxyapatite/chitosan Coatings Deposited on 316L SS via Electrophoretic Deposition

“…Type 316L stainless steel (316L SS) is a widely used material for implant fabrication in orthopedic applications. It possesses good inherent mechanical properties, reasonable corrosion resistance, biocompatibility and suitable density for load bearing purposes 12 .…”

“…Chitosan is a polymer that has been used extensively both in nucleic acid delivery and tissue engineering applications, derived from the exoskeleton of marine animals such as crab, shrimp, lobster, and krill. Chitosan is biodegradable, biocompatible and non-toxic 12,13 .…”