Electrophoretic Deposition (EPD) of Natural Hydroxyapatite Coatings on Titanium Ti-29Nb-13Ta-4.6Zr Substrates for Implant Material

Abstract

<jats:p>This study aims to investigate the effect of the electrophoretic deposition process (EPD) of natural HA (extracted from bovine bones) with various particle size on Ti-29Nb-13Ta-4.6Zr (TNTZ) coating surfaces. HA particles were refined from bovine bone powders using planetary ball mill and then sieving to separate the particle based on its size. The maximum size according to sieving mesh size is #25 µm, #63 µm and #125 µm. The coating process was conducted by using EPD apparatus with voltage and time process 10V and 5 minutes, respectively, for each sample. The coating layer morphology was observed with Stereo Microscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and the thickness was measured with Thickness Gauge. The result shows that the size of the particle determines the coating layer characteristics. The best of HA coating quality according to the implant coating standard is obtained for the 25 µm particle size with the surface coverage is 99%. The thickness is 121 µm and the ratio of chemical composition Calcium and Phosphor Ca/P) is 1,49%. These may be concluded that, on the point of view physical characteristics, natural HA from bovine bone has potential enough as a coating layer to improve the bioactivity implant for biomedical application. However, the mechanical characteristic of the layer is still needed to determine the strength of coating layer for avoiding delamination during application.</jats:p>

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“…The structure of Ti-15Mo-xY alloy sintered at 950°C is characterized by the formation of -Ti, Y, Y2O3, MO3, and TiO2 phases, as indicated by the indexing of standard cards representing JCPDS-ICDD 44-1288 and 29-1360. This finding is congruent with Wang et al[13], who established that Mo and Y are necessary βphase stabilizers.…”

“…Due to the toxicity level seen in alloys including vanadium and aluminum (associated with neurological diseases in their composition), titanium alloys for biomedical purposes have been produced without these toxic elements, using materials such as niobium, tantalum, zirconium, molybdenum, and iron [10]. That led to alloys such as Ti-13Nb-13Zr, Ti-29Nb-13Ta-4,6Zr [11], Ti-15Mo [12], and Ti-Y [13]. The elastic modulus mismatch between biomaterials and surrounding bones is the key reason for the successful fixation of implantation materials to bone tissue remains a challenge.…”

“…The recent studies have focused on β-type alloys minimizing the stress-shielding effect by having low elastic moduli. These alloys are created using stabilizers and non-cytotoxic materials such as molybdenum, tantalum, niobium, zirconium, yttrium, and manganese indium [12][13][14][15][16][17]. Modern alloys have an elasticity modulus that is three to four times greater than that of human bone, which can be uncomfortable for the patient and increase the risk of implant failure.…”

In Vitro Study for Yttrium addition on titanium - 15 Molybdenum after Immersion in Simulated Body Fluid

“…Also because of its biocompatibility, which enhances the growth of bone when implanted inside the body, and its acceptable mechanical properties so it is widely used as an alloying element with titanium alloy (10) Numerous experiments are being conducted to create Ti alloys containing yttrium. Ti alloys containing yttrium are biocompatible [11]. Recent studies have focused on -type alloys that minimize the stress-shielding effect by having low elastic moduli.…”

“…Recent studies have focused on -type alloys that minimize the stress-shielding effect by having low elastic moduli. These alloys are created using stabilizers and non-cytotoxic materials such as molybdenum, tantalum, niobium, zirconium, yttrium, and manganese indium [12,[11][12][13][14][15][16][17]. Modern alloys have an elasticity modulus that is three to four times greater than that of human bone, which can be uncomfortable for the patient and increase the risk of implant failure.…”