Electrophoresis–chemiluminescence detection of phenols catalyzed by hemin

Abstract

Based on the catalytic activity of hemin, an efficient biocatalyst, an indirect capillary electrophoresis-chemiluminescence (CE-CL) detection method for phenols using a hemin-luminol-hydrogen peroxide system was developed. Through a series of static injection experiments, hemin was found to perform best in a neutral solution rather than an acidic or alkaline medium. Although halide ions such as Br(-) and F(-) could further enhance the CL signal catalyzed by hemin, it is difficult to apply these conditions to this CE-CL detection system because of the self-polymerization of hemin, as it hinders the CE process. The addition of concentrated ammonium hydroxide to an aqueous/dimethyl sulfoxide solution of hemin-luminol afforded a stable CE-CL baseline. The indirect CE-CL detection of five phenols using this method gave the following limits of detections: 4.8 × 10(-8) mol/L (o-sec-butylphenol), 4.9 × 10(-8) mol/L (o-cresol), 5.4 × 10(-8) mol/L (m-cresol), 5.3 × 10(-8) mol/L (2,4-dichlorophenol) and 7.1 × 10(-8) mol/L (phenol).

Conducting polymer-based peroxidase mimics: synthesis, synergistic enhanced properties and applications

“…Nevertheless, their high toxicity and unpleasant organoleptic characteristics lead to various diseases. Consequently, researchers focus on the urgent requirement of sensitive determination of phenols [107][108][109][110][111]. Among the variety of detection methods, colorimetric assay has occupied a vital position due to its convenience and effectiveness [112].…”

Recent advances in chemiluminescence detection coupled with capillary electrophoresis and microchip capillary electrophoresis

“…CE–CL detection method has also been applied to amino acid , PCR product , saccharide , organic small molecule , and metal ion analysis.…”

“…CE-CL detection method has also been applied to amino acid [102][103][104], PCR product [105], saccharide [106,107], organic small molecule [108][109][110][111][112][113][114], and metal ion [115] analysis.…”

Comparison of Carbon‐based Electrodes for Detection of Cresols in Voltammetry and HPLC with Electrochemical Detection

“…Several instrumental analytical methods have been developed for selective and sensitive determination of phenols including cresol isomers in various matrices (e. g., urine, waste water, air, and oils), such as high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with several detection modes including electrochemical detection [17][18][19][20], UV/VIS [7,15,[21][22][23][24], diode array detection [25], fluorescence [26], and tandem mass spectrometric (MS/ MS) [10,14] detection. Gas chromatography coupled with MS [9,[11][12]27], flame ionization detector [8,13,16], or capillary electrophoresis [28] have also been utilized. Further, various approaches based on chemometric methods in combination with spectral methods have been established and applied successfully [4,[29][30][31].…”