Comparison of Carbon‐based Electrodes for Detection of Cresols in Voltammetry and HPLC with Electrochemical Detection

Abstract

The electrochemical behavior of o-cresol and pcresol was investigated using boron doped diamond (BDD) and sp 2 carbon-based electrodes. BDD electrodes with different boron doping levels were used to optimize conditions for detection of cresols using differential pulse and square-wave voltammetry. Comparable detection limits from 2.74 μM to 0.79 μM were achieved, using in-situ anodic pretreatment to prevent fouling of electrode surface. Lower detection limits for cresols and other phenolic pollutants, in the 10 À 7 M concentration range, were obtained using amperometric detection in HPLC. The proposed voltammetric and HPLC methods were utilized for determination of cresols in model river water samples.

The Biomimetic Synthesis of Polyarylated Fluorenes, Relevant to Selaginellaceae Polyphenols, Leading to the Spontaneous Formation of Stable Radicals

“…There is an apparent gap between the oxidation potential of the first anodic peak of the phenol 7 a (+ 0.80 V) and 7 d (+ 1.20 V) reflecting the easier oxidation of 7 a with four phenolic groups in comparison with 7 d possessing one phenolic group. The initial step of electrochemical oxidation of phenolic compounds proceeds through a 1e À /1H + oxidation to a phenoxy-type radical, [25,26] which can be stabilized through resonance within the aromatic ring of the phenol moiety (see the resonance structures in SI, Figure S15). Further, a relatively large increase of the potential is for the oxidation of fluorene 7 d' (peak potential + 1.45 V), containing methoxy, instead of the free phenolic group, underlying the importance of the free OH group.…”

Current Trends in Analytical Methods for the Determination of Hydroxychloroquine and Its Application as Treatment for COVID‐19

“…These capabilities and advantages have been illustrated for a wide range of electroanalytical applications, including the phenolic compounds detection. [118][119][120][121] In 2014, Patrícia Batista Deroco et al were able to determine HCQ by Boron-doped diamond electrode using square wave voltammetry. [122] Initially, the electrochemical behavior of HCQ was studied in H 2 SO 4 electrolytic solution using cyclic voltammetry.…”

“…Thus, diamond electrodes open up new possibilities for working under extreme conditions, such as very high anode potentials, surfactant‐rich media, polarization in acidic media or power ultrasound. These capabilities and advantages have been illustrated for a wide range of electroanalytical applications, including the phenolic compounds detection [118–121] …”