Electrooxidation of the Paracetamol on Boron Doped Diamond Anode Modified by Gold Particles

Abstract

The environment pollution, in particular that of the aquatic environment, by wastewater is a reality because it is discharged for the most part without treatment. The presence of pharmaceutical pollutants such as paracetamol in these waters can constitute a risk to human health. The objective of this work is to study the electrochemical oxidation of paracetamol using cyclic voltammetry on the boron doped diamond (BDD) anode and boron doped diamond modified by gold particles (Au-BDD) anode. The Au-BDD electrode was obtained by modifying the surface of BDD with gold particles. This was done by electrodeposition (chronoamperometry) in 0.5 M HAuCl4 and 0.1 M H2SO4 using a three pulse nucleation and growth process. Physical characterization with Scanning Electron Microscopy coupled with Dispersive Energy spectroscopy has shown that the Au-BDD surface presents asperities with the presence of microparticles and nanoparticles. The electrochemical characterization made in three electrolytic solutions (H2SO4, NaOH and KClO4) showed that Au-BDD has a high electroactivity domain than that of BDD. The study of the Benzoquinone-hydroquinone redox couple has shown a quasi-reversible character of these two anodes. It also revealed that Au-BDD has a more accentuated metallic character than BDD. The voltammetric measurements made it possible to show that the paracetamol oxidation is limited by the transport of material on each anode. This oxidation is characterized by the presence of an anodic peak in the support electrolytes stability domain. The paracetamol oxidation is rapid on Au-BDD than on BDD in the various medium explored, thus showing that Au-BDD is more efficient than BDD for the paracetamol oxidation by electrochemical means.

Influence of the platinum surface state on the selectivity of the electrochemical synthesis of sodium hypochlorite

“…After the reduction of the surface at a potential of +1.1 V, a sharp increase in current is observed on the anodic branch, caused by the oxidation of Cl − on the reduced surface of platinum, free from phase oxides. Further, at a potential of 1.14 V, a peak of the reduction current of Cl − oxidation products is observed on the cathodic path 43,47 . Most likely, these products are Cl 2 and/or НClO, ClO − , depending on the pH of the near‐electrode layer.…”

“…Further, at a potential of 1.14 V, a peak of the reduction current of Cl − oxidation products is observed on the cathodic path. 43,47 Most likely, these products are Cl 2 and/or НClO, ClO − , depending on the pH of the near-electrode layer. The amount of electricity in the anodic branch (forward and reverse flow of CV 1.0 → 1.3 → 1.2 V) is 132 mC cm −2 , and the amount of electricity in the cathodic peak in the region +1.2 to +0.5 V is 48 mC cm −2 .…”

Analysis and electroanalysis of perchlorate in water and food samples: a critical review

“…4a. 41,42,48 The two peaks (0 V to +0.4 V) are related to the adsorption and desorption of hydrogen. The formation of the platinum oxide occurs at ∼+0.9 V and the sharp peak at +0.72 V in the reverse scan exemplies the reduction of platinum oxide.…”

“…ISEs, which are often based on quaternary ammonium cations, are strongly affected by the solubility of the perchlorate salts. Their responses are also preferential to iodide, 48,60 thiocyanate, 48,61 and other anions of the Hofmeister series over ClO 4 − , following the order of ClO 4 − > SCN − > I − > NO 3 − > Br − > NO 2 − > Cl − . A liquid membrane electrode based on Brilliant Green for ClO 4 − exhibited an LOD of 20 μM.…”

Detection of Lead (II) on a Boron-doped Diamond Electrode by Differential Pulse Anodic Stripping Voltammetry

“…A boron-doped diamond electrode has been widely studied due to its interesting electrochemical properties, including: high thermal conductivity, high hardness and chemical inertia, a wide window of electrochemical potential in aqueous and non-aqueous media, very low capacity and very high electrochemical stability [19][20][21][22][23]. This material is very resistant to corrosion, which has allowed its use in more extreme environments, such as in extremely corrosive environments [24].…”