Electrooptic Modulation in Thin Film Barium Titanate Plasmonic Interferometers

Dicken, Matthew J.; Sweatlock, Luke A.; Pacifici, Domenico; Lezec, Henri J.; Bhattacharya, Kaushik; Atwater, Harry A.

doi:10.1021/nl802981q

Cited by 221 publications

(185 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Various types of compact modulators that utilize SPPs have been proposed [1,[9][10][11][12][13][14]. Both phase and absorption modulations have been exploited to achieve high speed and low footprint of a modulator along with the CMOS-compatible technology.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasmonic modulator optimized by patterning of active layer and tuning permittivity

Babicheva

Lavrinenko

2012

Optics Communications

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Abstract.We study an ultra-compact plasmonic modulator that can be applied in photonic integrated circuits. The modulator is a metal-insulator-metal waveguide with an additional ultra-thin layer of indium tin oxide (ITO). Bias is applied to the multilayer core by means of metal plates that serve as electrodes. External field changes carrier density in the ultra-thin ITO layer, which influences the permittivity. The metal-insulator-metal system possesses a plasmon resonance, and it is strongly affected by changes in the permittivity of the active layer. To improve performance of the structure we propose several optimizations. We examine influence of the ITO permittivity on the modulator's performance and point out appropriate values. We analyze eigenmodes of the waveguide structure and specify the range for its efficient operation. We show that substituting the continuous active layer by a one-dimension periodic stripes increases transmittance through the device and keeps the modulator's performance at the same level. The dependence on the pattern size and filling factor of the active material is analyzed and optimum parameters are found. Patterned ITO layers allow us to design a Bragg grating inside the waveguide. The grating can be turned on and off, thus modulating reflection from the structure. The considered structure with electrical control possesses a high performance and can efficiently work as a plasmonic component in nanophotonic architectures.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasmonic modulator optimized by patterning of active layer and tuning permittivity

Babicheva

Lavrinenko

2012

Optics Communications

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“…1 Passive plasmonic circuits have been extensively proposed and analyzed in the last decade 2,3 but active plasmonic configurations are needed to achieve nanophotonic devices with advanced functionalities. This requires systems where the plasmon properties can be rapidly modulated by an external parameter, such as temperature, 4,5 voltage, 6,7 or electromagnetic radiation. [8][9][10] The magnetic field is another interesting candidate to control SPPs, since it is able to modify their dispersion relation.…”

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confidence: 99%

Enhancement of the magnetic modulation of surface plasmon polaritons in Au/Co/Au films

Martín-Becerra¹,

González-Díaz²,

Temnov³

et al. 2010

Applied Physics Letters

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The deposition of a dielectric overlayer on top of Au/Co/Au multilayer films can significantly enhance the magnetic field induced modulation of the surface plasmon polariton ͑SPP͒ wave vector. This enhancement is analyzed as a function of the thickness of the dielectric overlayer and the associated SPP electromagnetic field confinement and redistribution. The decrease in SPP propagation distance is taken into account by analyzing an adequate figure of merit.

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“…Among the various perovskite type oxide materials, barium titanate (BTO) is a very popular and has been extensively studied because of its some unique features such as the presence of spontaneous polarization, high dielectric permittivity, high electro-optic coefficient and good compatibility with the existing conventional semiconductor technology. 6,[23][24][25] In the recent time, some of the researchers have reported the RS phenomenon, diode characteristics, and large hysteresis in the current-voltage graph in BTO or transition metal doped BTO thin films. [26][27][28][29][30] Li et al 31 and Chang et al 28 reported the BRS behavior in the multilayer BTO thin film with a very high compliance current ∼ 100 mA.…”

confidence: 99%

Enhanced bipolar resistive switching behavior in polar Cr-doped barium titanate thin films without electro-forming process

Thakre

Kumar

2017

AIP Advances

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An enhanced, repeatable and robust resistive switching phenomenon was observed in Cr substituted BaTiO3 polar ferroelectric thin films; fabricated and deposited by the sol-gel approach and spin coating technique, respectively. An enhanced bistable bipolar resistive switching (BRS) phenomenon without electro-forming process, low switching voltage (∼ 2 V) and moderate retention characteristics of 104 s along with a high Roff/Ron resistance ratio ∼103 was achieved. The current conduction analysis showed that the space charge limited conduction (SCLC) and Schottky emission conduction dominate in the high voltage range, while thermally active charge carriers (ohmic) in the lower voltage range. The impedance spectroscopy study indicates the formation of current conducting path and rupturing of oxygen vacancies during SET and RESET process.

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Electrooptic Modulation in Thin Film Barium Titanate Plasmonic Interferometers

Cited by 221 publications

References 21 publications

Plasmonic modulator optimized by patterning of active layer and tuning permittivity

Plasmonic modulator optimized by patterning of active layer and tuning permittivity

Enhancement of the magnetic modulation of surface plasmon polaritons in Au/Co/Au films

Enhanced bipolar resistive switching behavior in polar Cr-doped barium titanate thin films without electro-forming process

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