Electronically switchable waveguide Bragg gratings for WDM routing

Domash, Lawrence H.; Chen, Yongming; Haugsjaa, Paul O.; Oren, M.

doi:10.1109/leosst.1997.619154

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Finally, electro-optic switches perform switching by using electro-optics effects. The main technologies are based on Lithium Niobate (LiNbO 3 ) [55], Semiconductor Optical Amplifiers (SOA) [56], Electro-holographic (EH) [57], Bragg Gratings electronically switched [58] and LC. Focusing on the latter, LC switches use different physical mechanisms to steer the light such as polarization management, reflection, wave-guiding and beam-steering (2D or 3D).…”

Section: Optical Routing For Wdm Pof-based Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances in Wavelength-Division-Multiplexing Plastic Optical Fiber Technologies

Montero¹,

Garcilopez²,

VázquezGarcía³

et al. 2015

Advances in Optical Fiber Technology: Fundamental Optical Phenomena and Applications

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Section: Optical Routing For Wdm Pof-based Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances in Wavelength-Division-Multiplexing Plastic Optical Fiber Technologies

Montero¹,

Garcilopez²,

VázquezGarcía³

et al. 2015

Advances in Optical Fiber Technology: Fundamental Optical Phenomena and Applications

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“…Moreover the idea of using liquid crystals as efficient electro-optic material is quite interesting because of the possibility to make integrated optical switches [6], routers [7], tunable devices [8] [9], and beam deflectors for optical interconnects using slab waveguides [10]. A PDLC electro-optic grating in combination with an half-coupler containing a single mode fiber has been proposed to make electronically switchable waveguide Bragg grating for wavelength division multiplexed (WDM) systems [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tunable integrated optical filter made of a glass ion-exchanged waveguide and an electro-optic composite holographic grating

et al. 2008

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Abstract:We report the fabrication and the optical characterization of a hybrid tunable integrated optical filter. It consists of a diffused ionexchanged channel waveguide on a borosilicate glass substrate with a cover of the same glass to form a gap filled with a holographic grating. The grating morphology, called POLICRYPS (POlymer LIquid CRYstal Polymer Slices), is made of alternating stripes of polymer and liquid crystal acting as overlayer for the underneath waveguide. The filter structure includes aluminum coplanar electrodes to electrically control the grating properties, allowing the tunability of the filter. The electric driving power required to tune the filter obtained was in the range of submilliwatts due to the efficient liquid crystal electro-optic effect. A. d'Alessandro, R. Asquini, C. Gizzi, R. Caputo, A. Veltri, C. Umeton, and A. V. Sukhov, "Electro-optic properties of switchable gratings made of polymer and nematic liquid crystal slices," Opt. Lett. 29, 1405-1407 (2004 1005-1019 (1996). 14. T. A. Birks, P. St. J. Russell, and D. O. Culverhouse, "The acousto-optic effect in single-mode fiber tapers and couplers," J. Lightwave Technol. 14, 2519-2529 (1996). 15. J. Zou, F. Zhao, and R. T. Chen, "Two-step K+-Na+ and Ag+-Na+ ion-exchanged glass waveguides for Cband applications," Appl. Opt. 41, 7620-7626 (2002). 16. L. De Sio, R. Caputo, A. De Luca, A. Veltri, C. Umeton, and A. V. Sukhov, "In situ optical control and stabilization of the curing process of holographic gratings with a nematic film-polymer-slice sequence structure," Appl.

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“…These include realizations based on optical MEMS [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32], thermal optical [33][34][35], semiconductor optic amplifiers (SOA) [36], liquid crystals [37], electro-holography [38], electro-optical LiNb03 [39], electronically waveguide Bragg grating [9], acousto-optical [40][41][42][43] and opto-optical switches [44][45][46][47][48][49], respectively.…”

Section: Types Of Optical Switchesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and fabrication of MEMS optical switches

Li¹

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This thesis focuses on the research related to the microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) optical switch consisting of three major areas, micromahined actuator, deep reactive ion etching (DRIE) fabrication, and total internal reflection (TIR) optical switch.Firstly, a stable micromachined actuator with large displacement has been designed and demonstrated. It consists of comb-finger-sets and compliant microstructure to amplify the displacement efficiently and lock the output by bifurcation effect. The amplification obtained is 54.2 when the input displacement is only 0.96 um and it is locked thereafter.Subsequently, a DRIE fabrication process for silicon on insulator (SOI) wafers has been investigated. Based on the study of DRIE process chemically and physically, the notching effect on SOI substrate is eliminated and utilized to realize dry release resolving the station problem by developing a spacer oxide thin film technique.Lastly, a TIR prism optical switch based on the thermo-optic (TO) effect has been studied. It takes the merits of robustness of thermo-optic prism and the precise control and batch fabrication of MEMS. The optical properties including insertion loss, polarization dependent loss and cross-talk are theoretically simulated and proven by experiments.ATTENTION: The Singapore Copyright Act applies to the use of this document. Nanyang Technological University Library It is a pleasure to offer thanks to those who made this dissertation possible and made my stay in NTU most meaningful and enjoyable. ii ATTENTION: The Singapore Copyright Act applies to the use of this document. Nanyang Technological University Library 3.3.1 DRIE fabrication 51 3.3.2 Displacement measurement and discussions 53 3.3.3 Resonant frequency measurement and discussion 55 3.4 FABRICATION TOLERANCE ANALYSIS 57 3.4.1 The effect of the beam profile 59 3.4.2 The effect of a comb finger uneven depth 64 3.4.3 Effect of undercut of microbeams 67 3.5 SUMMARY 70 CHAPTER FOUR THE DEEP RIE PROCESS 73 4.1 DRIE FABRICATION PROCESS FLOW 75 4.2 CHEMISTRY-PHYSICS OF DRIE 77 4.2.1 Effect of platen power 80 4.2.2 Effect of gas flow with source power 83 4.2.3 The effect of the duration of the cyclic etch/passivation cycles 86 4.2.4 Effect of process pressure 87 4.3 THE LOADING EFFECT 89 4.3.1 The loading effect dependence on the design of various features. 89 4.3.2 Etch rate along the process 98 4.3.3 Beam verticality 100 4.4 THE NOTCHING EFFECT 101 4.4.

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Electronically switchable waveguide Bragg gratings for WDM routing

Cited by 8 publications

References 3 publications

Recent Advances in Wavelength-Division-Multiplexing Plastic Optical Fiber Technologies

Recent Advances in Wavelength-Division-Multiplexing Plastic Optical Fiber Technologies

Tunable integrated optical filter made of a glass ion-exchanged waveguide and an electro-optic composite holographic grating

Design and fabrication of MEMS optical switches

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