Electronically stabilized nanowire growth

Mocking, Tijs F.; Bampoulis, Pantelis; Oncel, Nuri; Poelsema, Bene; Zandvliet, Henricus J.W.

doi:10.1038/ncomms3387

Cited by 34 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…149 Chain formation of Pt and Au on Ge(001) is often linked to sd competition due to the relativistic character of the 5d electrons, which would lead to a preference for low coordination. 86,95,[183][184][185][186] Based on this, NW formation is both predicted and observed for Ir, 109 Pt, 86 and Au. 95 The observation Ir NWs on Ge was done only very recently, and showed behavior that is interesting for study within atomistic quantum mechanical frameworks.…”

Section: Other Nanowires On Ge(001)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…112 Let us now return to the case at hand: nanowires on Ge. The formation of nanowires, chains, and rods has been observed on Ge surfaces after deposition of Pt, 18,19,21,[86][87][88][89][90][91][92][93][94] Au, [95][96][97][98][99][100][101][102][103][104] In, 79,82,83,199 Er, 77 Ho, 78 Co, 108 Ir, 109 Yb, 200 Sr, 198,201 and Ba. 198 Many of these systems show a large variety of surface reconstructions at different submonolayer depositions and temperatures (cf., the surface phase-diagram for In on Ge(001) given in Ref.…”

Section: Outlook: Metal-induced Nanowires On Semiconductor Surfacmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…89,93,105,106 Recently, also Co deposited on Ge(001) was shown to give rise to 1D structures, as expected from the Co-Ge phase diagram, 107 albeit with slightly larger building blocks consisting of hexagonal structures containing Co atoms. 108 Another recent example are Ir NWs on Ge(001), which were studied by Mocking et al 109 and were suggested to present standing wave patterns in the NWs due to conduction electrons scattering at the ends of the NW.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modeling 1D structures on semiconductor surfaces: synergy of theory and experiment

Vanpoucke

2014

J. Phys.: Condens. Matter

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Atomic scale nanowires attract enormous interest in a wide range of fields. On the one hand, due to their quasi-one-dimensional nature, they can act as a experimental testbed for exotic physics: Peierls instability, charge density waves, and Luttinger liquid behavior. On the other hand, due to their small size, they are of interest for future device applications in the micro-electronics industry, but also for applications regarding molecular electronics. This versatile nature makes them interesting systems to produce and study, but their size and growth conditions push both experimental production and theoretical modeling to their limits. In this review, modeling of atomic scale nanowires on semiconductor surfaces is discussed focusing on the interplay between theory and experiment. The current state of modeling efforts on Pt-and Au-induced nanowires on Ge (001) is presented, indicating their similarities and differences. Recently discovered nanowire systems (Ir, Co, Sr) on the Ge(001) surface are also touched upon. The importance of scanning tunneling microscopy as a tool for direct comparison of theoretical and experimental data is shown, as is the power of density functional theory as an atomistic simulation approach. It becomes clear that complementary strengths of theoretical and experimental investigations are required for successful modeling of the atomistic nanowires, due to their complexity.

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Section: Other Nanowires On Ge(001)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Outlook: Metal-induced Nanowires On Semiconductor Surfacmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modeling 1D structures on semiconductor surfaces: synergy of theory and experiment

Vanpoucke

2014

J. Phys.: Condens. Matter

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“…Noble metal such as Pd or Ir were reported to form atomic chains on W (110) [1]. Recent work on fabricating Ir wires of atomic dimensions on Ge (001) surface suggests that electronic effects play a major role in stabilizing atomic size metal wires [2]. All the previous studies, however, focused on clean single crystal substrates and ultrahigh vacuum manipulation.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Facet Selective Growth of Iridium Chains/Wires of Single-Atom Width on the {1010} Surfaces of ZnO Nanowires

Song

et al. 2017

Microsc Microanal

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Self-assembly of individual atoms into ordered nanostructures is not only of fundamental interest but also provides unique electronic, magnetic or catalytic properties. Noble metal such as Pd or Ir were reported to form atomic chains on W (110) [1]. Recent work on fabricating Ir wires of atomic dimensions on Ge (001) surface suggests that electronic effects play a major role in stabilizing atomic size metal wires [2]. All the previous studies, however, focused on clean single crystal substrates and ultrahigh vacuum manipulation. We recently developed a unique process to synthesize high-surface area, ultra-clean ZnO nanowires (NWs) that primarily consist of ZnO {10-10} and {11-20} facets [3]. In this work, we report, for the first time, the synthesis and characterization of Ir chains/wires of single-atom width that selectively grow on the {10-10} nanofacets of ZnO NWs. More importantly, we achieved fabrication of Ir atomic chains by a scalable wet chemistry and post-synthesis treatment process. Aberration-corrected HAADF-STEM images reveal that all the {10-10} nanofacets of the ZnO NWs were decorated with single-atom wide Ir chains/wires or Ir atoms. The strong metal-support interaction is responsible for the growth and stabilization of such atomic wide Ir wires.The ZnO NWs were prepared as reported previously [3]. The Ir/ZnO sample was synthesized by a modified adsorption method. Briefly, Ir precursors were dropwise added into the solution of pre-formed ZnO NWs. The resultant precipitate was filtered, washed with deionized water and dried. Then the Ir/ZnO NWs were calcined in air at 300°C -500°C for 2-10 hrs. Aberration-corrected HAADF-STEM, indispensable for investigating the atomic structures of nanostructured materials [4], was used to examine the self-assembled Ir chains/wires of single-atom width. Fig. 1d and 1e show exactly the same region of a ZnO NW but with different tilting angles. When the electron beam was along the ZnO [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] zone axis the bright Ir atoms were perfectly aligned with respect to the electron beam (Fig. 1e). When the electron beam tilted away from the [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] zone axis the Ir chains were represented by the bright short lines (Fig. 1d). Figure 1f shows an image with the electron beam close to the [10-10] zone axis, clearly revealing the arrangement of the Ir atoms with respect to the Zn atoms on the ZnO {10-10} surface (see the schematic illustration). The growth processes of the atom-size Ir wires, their structures, and their catalytic properties have been investigated [5].

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“…1,6 Specifically, we consider diffusion-mediated self-assembly of epitaxial Au NCs by deposition onto metal surfaces. Nanowires are often formed by deposition onto anisotropic metal 7,8 or semiconductor 11,12 surfaces or onto vicinal surfaces where steps direct assembly; 13,14 however, we will demonstrate an alternative strategy that exploits many-body adatom interactions, anticipating that linear trio attractions could induce the formation of atomic chains even on isotropic surfaces. Although many-body interactions are generally weak, 15,16 we show that they are significant for Au and can be tuned (together with other key energetics) by exploiting quantum size effects (QSEs) to facilitate anisotropic assembly.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Directing Anisotropic Assembly of Metallic Nanoclusters by Exploiting Linear Trio Interactions and Quantum Size Effects: Au Chains on Ag(100) Thin Films

Han

Evans

2015

J. Phys. Chem. Lett.

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Discovery and understanding of mechanisms for kinetically controlled growth of metal nanoclusters can be enabled by realistic atomistic-level modeling with ab initio kinetics. KMC simulation of such a model for Au deposition on Ag(100) films reveals the formation of single-atom-wide Au chains below 275 K, even though 2D islands are thermodynamically preferred. Chain formation is shown to reflect a combination of strong linear trio attractions guiding assembly and a weak driving force and slow rate of transformation of 1D chains to 2D islands (or sometimes irreversible rounding of adatoms from chain sides to ends). Behavior can also be tuned by quantum size effects: chain formation predominates on 2-monolayer Ag(100) films supported on NiAl(100) at 250 K for low coverages but not on 1-or 3-monolayer films, and longer chains form than on bulk Ag(100). Our predictive kinetic modeling shows the potential for simulation-guided discovery and analysis of novel self-assembly processes. ABSTRACT: Discovery and understanding of mechanisms for kinetically controlled growth of metal nanoclusters can be enabled by realistic atomisticlevel modeling with ab initio kinetics. KMC simulation of such a model for Au deposition on Ag(100) films reveals the formation of single-atom-wide Au chains below 275 K, even though 2D islands are thermodynamically preferred. Chain formation is shown to reflect a combination of strong linear trio attractions guiding assembly and a weak driving force and slow rate of transformation of 1D chains to 2D islands (or sometimes irreversible rounding of adatoms from chain sides to ends). Behavior can also be tuned by quantum size effects: chain formation predominates on 2-monolayer Ag(100) films supported on NiAl(100) at 250 K for low coverages but not on 1-or 3-monolayer films, and longer chains form than on bulk Ag(100). Our predictive kinetic modeling shows the potential for simulation-guided discovery and analysis of novel self-assembly processes. D

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Electronically stabilized nanowire growth

Cited by 34 publications

References 44 publications

Modeling 1D structures on semiconductor surfaces: synergy of theory and experiment

Modeling 1D structures on semiconductor surfaces: synergy of theory and experiment

Facet Selective Growth of Iridium Chains/Wires of Single-Atom Width on the {1010} Surfaces of ZnO Nanowires

Directing Anisotropic Assembly of Metallic Nanoclusters by Exploiting Linear Trio Interactions and Quantum Size Effects: Au Chains on Ag(100) Thin Films

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