Electronically-Controlled Beam-Steering through Vanadium Dioxide Metasurfaces

Hashemi, M. Reza; Yang, Shang-Hua; Wang, Tongyu; Sepúlveda, Nelson; Jarrahi, Mona

doi:10.1038/srep35439

Cited by 182 publications

(128 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…The transition between these two phases often involves complicated atomic and electronic changes, the mechanism of which has long been a vibrant topic in condensed matter physics and material sciences [5][6][7]. More recently, the control of intermediate states in transitions has been explored for developing dynamically tunable antennae [8,9], beam steering metasurface [10], grayscale photolithography [11] and multi-level memory [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modified Maxwell Garnett model for hysteresis in phase change materials

Frame¹,

Green²,

Xu³

2018

Opt. Mater. Express

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Analytical modelling of hysteresis is used to provide crucial prediction and insight for phase transitions in materials. Here we present a modified Maxwell Garnett model for analysing electromagnetic hysteresis. The model uses an asymmetric effective medium approximation to describe intermediate states in the phase change, establishing a link between effective medium and hysteresis analysis. Numerical calculation was performed on an example material, vanadium dioxide, for quantitative demonstration and future experimental verification. The model is easy to use, requires very few input parameters, and provides a phenomenological approach to describing electromagnetic hysteresis in various phase change materials.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modified Maxwell Garnett model for hysteresis in phase change materials

Frame¹,

Green²,

Xu³

2018

Opt. Mater. Express

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“…As the two dimensional equivalent of bulk metamaterials, metasurfaces have caused considerable attention in recent years due to ultra‐thin thickness, lower profile, and simpler to fabricate . Yu et al firstly demonstrated a two‐dimensional nano‐antenna metasurface to control the beam reflection and refraction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Yu et al firstly demonstrated a two‐dimensional nano‐antenna metasurface to control the beam reflection and refraction. Recently, the methods of controlling antenna beam direction by using metasurfaces have been investigated . Chen et al theoretically analyzed an antenna can exhibit continuous scanning capability by controlling the phase properties of a metasurface radome.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Chen et al theoretically analyzed an antenna can exhibit continuous scanning capability by controlling the phase properties of a metasurface radome. Hashemi et al demonstrated a beam‐steering metasurface, offering up to 44° beam deflection. Wei et al indicated that varied phase discontinuities of metasurfaces could dramatically modify the wavefront of transmitted beam, with an efficiency of 65% and a deflection angle of 18°.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Beam steering by using a gradient refractive index metamaterial planar lens and a gradient phase metasurface planar lens

Liu

Jin

et al. 2018

Micro & Optical Tech Letters

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Metamaterials are composed of periodic or quasi‐periodic subwavelength structures, having electric and/or magnetic responses. Metamaterials can arbitrarily tailor the refractive index by artificially tailoring the unit‐cell geometries and dimensions. Recent years, as the two dimensional equivalent of bulk metamaterials, metasurfaces have caused considerable attentions due to the lower profile and simpler to fabricate than bulk metamaterials. Metasurfaces can impart discontinuities on electromagnetic wavefronts and can achieve the arbitrary transmission phase of the whole period range. Metamaterials and metasurfaces have led to the realizations of novel electromagnetic properties and functionalities through tailoring subwavelength structures and integrating functional materials. In this letter, two planar lenses are respectively proposed to control the beam direction of the horn antenna by using a gradient refractive index (GRIN) metamaterial and a gradient phase (GRPH) metasurface. It is shown that the antenna beam direction can be steered by controlling the refractive index of the GRIN metamaterial or the transmission phase of the GRPH metasurface. The differences between the two planar lenses for controlling the antenna beam are illustrated.

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“…Another characteristic that makes VO 2 a promising tunable material is that the switching time is very fast when changing from a semiconductor property to a metal property. The study of VO 2 is mainly focused on two areas: the first design idea is changing the electrical length by exploiting the ultra-large change of the refractive index in VO 2 between the semiconductor and the metallic states [21][22][23], and the second design idea is changing the transverse electric and transverse magnetic pass with different phases [24,25]. However, these two ideas are still far from achieving full control over the electromagnetic wave.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tunable Control of Mie Resonances Based on Hybrid VO2 and Dielectric Metamaterial

et al. 2018

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In this paper, a tunable dielectric metamaterial absorber with temperature-based vanadium dioxide (VO 2 ) is proposed. In contrast to previous studies, both the metal phase of VO 2 and the semiconductor phase are applied to manipulate the Mie resonant modes in the dielectric cubes. By embedding VO 2 in the main resonant structure, the control over Mie resonant modes in dielectric metamaterials is realized. Each resonant mode is analyzed through field distribution and explains why the phase switch of VO 2 could affect the absorbance spectrum. This use of tunable materials could create another new methodology for the manipulation of the Mie resonance-based dielectric cubes and make them closer in essence to isotropic metamaterials.Symmetry 2018, 10, 423 2 of 12 composite material functions as a sub-wavelength metamaterial with the tunable operating material phase permitting the realization of an absorber. Modeling and Design PrincipleThis study starts with the cross-shaped dielectric metamaterial absorption. For metamaterial or metasurface absorbers, one of the most important conditions is the exploitation of epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) materials [26]. A cross-shaped absorber was developed from the cube absorber [27]. By adding other components into the unit cell, ENZ materials can be obtained by the Mie resonances inside the cross-shaped structure.First, this study starts with the Mie resonance inside the dielectric cube. The incident wave excites different Mie resonant modes at different frequencies. As there are different application requirements, full control over the resonant modes is needed. Learning from the broadband antenna or left-handed metamaterial design, adding some other structures into the unit cell could manipulate the resonant modes by tuning the nearby resonances together. Based on previous experience with absorbers, the cross-shaped dielectric absorber could have three absorbance peaks corresponding to three resonant frequencies and resonant modes. At each resonant frequency, the incident energy is trapped in the center of the shape and both dielectric arms, on the basis of the electric wave. This multi-mode resonance structure has great advantages in wave control, and also makes it easier to accomplish different electromagnetic goals. Compared to the similar shapes [28,29], the cross-shaped absorber can also be regarded as a complementary dielectric cube absorber. Based on the equivalent circuit theory, the cross-shaped structure is smaller while keeping the same resonant performance. Additionally, the unit cell is composed of dielectric ceramics, which means low ohmic loss and a greater suitability for high-temperature and high-power conditions. Considering that temperature is one of the most important parameters in this study, it is necessary to keep the host unit cell shape and constitutive parameters stable while tuning the temperature. Therefore, the cross shape is the best candidate for the study of a hybrid VO 2 and dielectric metamaterial absorber.

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Electronically-Controlled Beam-Steering through Vanadium Dioxide Metasurfaces

Cited by 182 publications

References 43 publications

Modified Maxwell Garnett model for hysteresis in phase change materials

Modified Maxwell Garnett model for hysteresis in phase change materials

Beam steering by using a gradient refractive index metamaterial planar lens and a gradient phase metasurface planar lens

Tunable Control of Mie Resonances Based on Hybrid VO2 and Dielectric Metamaterial

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