Electronic textiles based wearable electrotherapy for pain relief

Liu, Meijing; Ward, Tyler; Young, D. F.; Matos, Helga Nunes; Wei, Yang; Adams, Jo; Yang, Kai

doi:10.1016/j.sna.2019.111701

Cited by 35 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…However, these gel electrodes demonstrate reduced performance over time due to moisture evaporation and contamination build-up [46], rendering them unsuitable for long-term wearable applications. Fabric-based dry electrodes exist for wearable therapeutics and have been used in many applications including pain relief [47], stroke rehabilitation [48], [49], improving lymphatic function, and in treatment of urinary incontinence [50]. Materials suitable for making fabric electrodes include conductive yarns, silver polymer paste, and carbon polymer paste [46]- [50].…”

Section: A Physiological Sensors and Actuatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The electrode can be printed on a thermoplastic film and transferred on to the textile via applied heat and pressure (Figure 2b). Alternatively, it can be printed on textile directly by printing all functional materials layer by layer [47] (Figure 2c), or a combination of the two methods above. An example of such a hybrid fabrication method is to weave the conductive yarn to form the base of the textile and the conductive path; then print the carbon electrode layer on top [48] (Figure 2d).…”

Section: A Physiological Sensors and Actuatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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E-Textile Technology Review–From Materials to Application

et al. 2021

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Wearable devices are ideal for personalized electronic applications in several domains such as healthcare, entertainment, sports and military. Although wearable technology is a growing market, current wearable devices are predominantly battery powered accessory devices, whose form factors also preclude them from utilizing the large area of the human body for spatiotemporal sensing or energy harvesting from body movements. E-textiles provide an opportunity to expand on current wearables to enable such applications via the larger surface area offered by garments, but consumer devices have been few and far between because of the inherent challenges in replicating traditional manufacturing technologies (that have enabled these wearable accessories) on textiles. Also, the powering of e-textile devices with battery energy like in wearable accessories, has proven incompatible with textile requirements for flexibility and washing. Although current e-textile research has shown advances in materials, new processing techniques, and one-off e-textile prototype devices, the pathway to industry scale commercialization is still uncertain. This paper reports the progress on the current technologies enabling the fabrication of e-textile devices and their power supplies including textile-based energy harvesters, energy storage mechanisms, and wireless power transfer solutions. It identifies factors that limit the adoption of current reported fabrication processes and devices in the industry for mass-market commercialization. INDEX TERMSWearables, e-textile devices, e-textile power sources, e-textile manufacturing and scalability.

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Section: A Physiological Sensors and Actuatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: A Physiological Sensors and Actuatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

E-Textile Technology Review–From Materials to Application

et al. 2021

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“…Gniotek et al 57 reported preliminary results, and the same project was continued with changed parameters in a later publication by Frydrysiak et al 61 Similarly, Curteza et al 35 and Poboroniuc et al 37 reported different aspects of the same study. Finally, the study by Liu et al 41 was a follow-up to an investigation by Yang et al 52 involving related electrode constructions, and Crema et al 60 applied an electrode manufacturing technology developed by Popovi c-Bijeli c et al 62 However, as these articles still offered different information, they were all considered in the review. In addition, a literature review article by Keller and Kuhn 20 provided supplementary information for the study performed by their extended research group in Keller et al 63 Thus, a total of 19 independent studies were reviewed with information retrieved from 23 publications.…”

Section: Selection Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of textile-based electrodes developed for electrostimulation

Euler

Guo

Persson

2021

Textile Research Journal

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Electrical stimulation can be used for the treatment of various nerve and muscle injuries as well as acute and chronic pain conditions. An electrical pulse is applied to a muscle or nerve to activate excitable tissue using internal or external electrodes with the aim of building muscle strength, artificially creating or supporting limb movement or reducing pain. Textile electrodes offer several advantages over conventionally used disposable surface electrodes: they are flexible and re-usable and they do not require hydrogels, thereby avoiding skin irritation and allergic reactions and enhancing user comfort. This article presents a literature review that assesses the state of research on textile electrode constructions. Based on the review, production approaches and designs are compared, methods for evaluating stimulation discomfort and pain are proposed and issues related to user compliance are discussed. The article concludes with suggestions for future work focused on investigating the impacts of textile-based electrode parameters on comfort, convenience and ease of use.

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“…For dry textile electrodes, on the other hand, no clear consensus exists regarding their electrical performance. Some researchers have successfully proven that textile electrodes can also be used dry [ 8 , 35 , 37 ], while others prefer the use of textile electrodes in wet condition [ 6 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 ]. Nevertheless, dry electrodes are expected to provide advantages during usage; for example, a better user compliance is enabled when no re-wetting is required, the user comfort is improved when omitting the need for an electrolyte, and problems due to drying-out are avoided.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Textile Electrodes: Influence of Knitting Construction and Pressure on the Contact Impedance

Euler

Guo

Persson

2021

Sensors

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Textile electrodes, also called textrodes, for biosignal monitoring as well as electrostimulation are central for the emerging research field of smart textiles. However, so far, only the general suitability of textrodes for those areas was investigated, while the influencing parameters on the contact impedance related to the electrode construction and external factors remain rather unknown. Therefore, in this work, six different knitted electrodes, applied both wet and dry, were compared regarding the influence of specific knitting construction parameters on the three-electrode contact impedance measured on a human forearm. Additionally, the influence of applying pressure was investigated in a two-electrode setup using a water-based agar dummy. Further, simulation of an equivalent circuit was used for quantitative evaluation. Indications were found that the preferred electrode construction to achieve the lowest contact impedance includes a square shaped electrode, knitted with a high yarn density and, in the case of dry electrodes, an uneven surface topography consisting of loops, while in wet condition a smooth surface is favorable. Wet electrodes are showing a greatly reduced contact impedance and are therefore to be preferred over dry ones; however, opportunities are seen for improving the electrode performance of dry electrodes by applying pressure to the system, thereby avoiding disadvantages of wet electrodes with fluid administration, drying-out of the electrolyte, and discomfort arising from a “wet feeling”.

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Electronic textiles based wearable electrotherapy for pain relief

Cited by 35 publications

References 12 publications

E-Textile Technology Review–From Materials to Application

E-Textile Technology Review–From Materials to Application

A review of textile-based electrodes developed for electrostimulation

Textile Electrodes: Influence of Knitting Construction and Pressure on the Contact Impedance

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