Electronic properties of small metallic particles

Abstract

Introduction 175 4.2. Magnetization of small superconducting particles 2. Phenomenological description of small particles 178 4.3. Microscopic theory of small superconductors 2.1. Interaction with electromagnetic radiation 178 4.4. Fluctuations in small superconducting particles 2.2. Mie's theory 178 5. Preparation of small particles 2.3. The dielectric constant of a small metallic particle 184 5.1. Metal colloids 2.4. The effective dielectric constant of the embedding 5.2. Granular metal films medium 189 5.3. Particles prepared by the gas-evaporation technique 3. Quantum size effects in small metallic particles 192 5.4. Particles prepared by nucleation and growth in a 3.1. Microscopic description of electrons in small particles 192 matrix 273 3.2. Kubo's small particle 197 5.5. Impregnated porous materials 275 3.3. Level statistics 201 Appendix I. Thermodynamic calculations for Kubo's small 3.4. Spectroscopy of the small particle level structure 213 particle 3.5. Experiments 217 Appendix II. Thermodynamic calculations for the particle 4. Superconductivity in small particles 232 with equal level spacing 4.1. Characteristic lengths of superconductors 232 References

Spectroscopy of discrete energy levels in ultrasmall metallic grains

“…Such modifications arise when the new energy scale characterizing the spectrum's discreteness, namely the single-particle mean level spacing d = 1/N (ε F ) ∼ 1/Vol [where N (ε) is the density of states per spin species], becomes comparable to the energy scale characterizing the correlations in bulk systems (such as the energy gap in superconductors or the Kondo temperature in magnetic alloys). Such quantum finite size effects in metals had attracted considerable attention in the past, but could hitherto only be studied in ensemble-averaged quantities (for reviews, see [19,20]). Spectroscopic studies of discrete spectra of individual grains yield significant new information.…”

Photochemically reduced polyoxometalate assisted generation of silver and gold nanoparticles in composite films: a single step route

“…In recent years the synthesis and characterization of nanoparticles have received attention because of their distinctive properties and potential uses in various fields like microelectronics [1], photocatalysis [2], magnetic devices [3] and powder metallurgy [4]. The intrinsic properties of a metal nanoparticle are mainly determined by size, shape, composition, crystallinity, and morphology [5].…”

Size-Dependent Surface States of Strained Cobalt Nanoislands on Cu(111)

“…The position of the occupied states also significantly changes across the islands. Atomic-scale simulations and ab inito calculations demonstrate that the driving force for the observed shift is related to size-dependent mesoscopic relaxations in the nanoislands.PACS numbers: 73.20.At, It was recognized quite early that metallic particles exhibit unique properties that differ significantly from their bulk counterparts [1]. Nanoislands grown on metal surfaces, in particular, have been a matter of intense research for decades in view of prospective applications in a vast variety of domains ranging from magnetoelectronics, catalysis, optoelectronics, to data storage technology.…”

“…PACS numbers: 73.20.At, It was recognized quite early that metallic particles exhibit unique properties that differ significantly from their bulk counterparts [1]. Nanoislands grown on metal surfaces, in particular, have been a matter of intense research for decades in view of prospective applications in a vast variety of domains ranging from magnetoelectronics, catalysis, optoelectronics, to data storage technology.…”