Electronic properties of phosphazene substituents on ferrocene

Saraceno, Reginaldo A.; Riding, Geoffrey H.; Allcock, Harry R.; Ewing, Andrew G.

doi:10.1021/ja00211a055

Cited by 39 publications

(13 citation statements)

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“…The values are on the order of 10 À3 cm s À1 .T he reaction rates of the RINs in this study are greater than those of the active materials in Zn/Br 2 and all-vanadium batteries. In addition, the modification of the ligand (i.e.,P hen) by electron withdrawing substituents, [44,45] We couldo bserve FE dissociation ath igher concentration to confirm the effect of concentration on the dissociation. The rapid response at a4Cr ate and good cycle life are attributed to the large rate constants and reversible behavior of the RINs.…”

Section: Diffusion Coefficients and Heterogeneous Electron-transfer Rmentioning

confidence: 77%

“…Low potentialo utput by the dissociation of FE can be improved by using milder electrolytes than the 1.0 m H 2 SO 4 solution used in this study.F Ed issociation is less in milder electrolytes. In addition, the modification of the ligand (i.e.,P hen) by electron withdrawing substituents, [44,45] We couldo bserve FE dissociation ath igher concentration to confirm the effect of concentration on the dissociation. Figures S5 Aa nd S5 Bs how the cyclet est with two to three times the concentration of the active materials that we used to obtain Figure 5.…”

Section: Diffusion Coefficients and Heterogeneous Electron-transfer Rmentioning

confidence: 77%

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Neutral Red and Ferroin as Reversible and Rapid Redox Materials for Redox Flow Batteries

Hong

Kim

2018

ChemSusChem

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Neutral red and ferroin are used as redox indicators (RINs) in potentiometric titrations. The rapid response and reversibility that are prerequisites for RINs are also desirable properties for the active materials in redox flow batteries (RFBs). This study describes the electrochemical properties of ferroin and neutral red as a redox pair. The rapid reaction rates of the RINs allow a cell to run at a rate of 4 C with 89 % capacity retention after the 100 cycle. The diffusion coefficients, electrode reaction rates, and solubilities of the RINs were determined. The electron-transfer rate constants of ferroin and neutral red are 0.11 and 0.027 cm s , respectively, which are greater than those of the components of all-vanadium and Zn/Br cells.

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Section: Diffusion Coefficients and Heterogeneous Electron-transfer Rmentioning

confidence: 77%

Section: Diffusion Coefficients and Heterogeneous Electron-transfer Rmentioning

confidence: 77%

Neutral Red and Ferroin as Reversible and Rapid Redox Materials for Redox Flow Batteries

Hong

Kim

2018

ChemSusChem

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“…[14] Also, they have fairly good solubility in many organic solvents. [16,17] Transition-metal ions that coordinate with a pair of cyclopentadienyl anions can form various complexes, named metallocenes. Modification with functional groups can change the electrochemical properties of the redox pairs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The electron-withdrawing or -donating properties of the functional groups can lead to redox potential shifts and changes in kinetics. [16,17] Transition-metal ions that coordinate with a pair of cyclopentadienyl anions can form various complexes, named metallocenes. By replacing metals or substituents on the cyclopentadienyl rings, numerous redox pairs can be formed, which can provide wide ranges of reaction rates and output potentials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ferrocene and Cobaltocene Derivatives for Non‐Aqueous Redox Flow Batteries

2014

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Ferrocene and cobaltocene and their derivatives are studied as new redox materials for redox flow cells. Their high reaction rates and moderate solubility are attractive properties for their use as active materials. The cyclability experiments are carried out in a static cell; the results showed that these materials exhibit stable capacity retention and predictable discharge potentials, which agree with the potential values from the cyclic voltammograms. The diffusion coefficients of these materials are 2 to 7 times higher than those of other non-aqueous materials such as vanadium acetylacetonate, iron tris(2,2'-bipyridine) complexes, and an organic benzene derivative.

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“…The electron withdrawing nature of cyclophosphazenes may account for this failure. 19 The standard enthalpy of formation of an energetic compound is a very important characteristic which can be calculated from heats of combustion using Hess thermochemical equations. The standard enthalpies of formation of the chlorophosphazene trimer and tetramer were reported as 2811.33 and 21083.03 kJ mol 21 , respectively.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%