Electronic–Photonic Co-Optimization of High-Speed Silicon Photonic Transmitters

Lin, Sen; Moazeni, Sajjad; Settaluri, Krishna T.; Stojanović, Vladimir

doi:10.1109/jlt.2017.2757945

Cited by 22 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…This design also has the highest data-rate, energy-efficiency, and bandwidth-density compared to prior works in monolithic photonic platforms. At these line rates, further modulator optimization is possible through customized higher-doping concentrations [37].…”

Section: Optical Nrz and Pam4 Transmittersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monolithic silicon-photonic platforms in state-of-the-art CMOS SOI processes [Invited]

Stojanović¹,

Ram²,

Popović³

et al. 2018

Opt. Express

Self Cite

171

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Integrating photonics with advanced electronics leverages transistor performance, process fidelity and package integration, to enable a new class of systems-on-a-chip for a variety of applications ranging from computing and communications to sensing and imaging. Monolithic silicon photonics is a promising solution to meet the energy efficiency, sensitivity, and cost requirements of these applications. In this review paper, we take a comprehensive view of the performance of the silicon-photonic technologies developed to date for photonic interconnect applications. We also present the latest performance and results of our "zero-change" silicon photonics platforms in 45 nm and 32 nm SOI CMOS. The results indicate that the 45 nm and 32 nm processes provide a "sweet-spot" for adding photonic capability and enhancing integrated system applications beyond the Moore-scaling, while being able to offload major communication tasks from more deeply-scaled compute and memory chips without complicated 3D integration approaches.

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Section: Optical Nrz and Pam4 Transmittersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monolithic silicon-photonic platforms in state-of-the-art CMOS SOI processes [Invited]

Stojanović¹,

Ram²,

Popović³

et al. 2018

Opt. Express

Self Cite

171

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“…122 Recent demonstrations of high-speed modulators have established that concurrent co-design and co-optimization of electrical driving and photonic phase shifter design 25,52,122 are a key to extracting the best performance for all modulator performance attributes. 52,213 This holds for modulators involving monolithic or hybrid integration with electronics. 25,122,213 This paper aims to provide a comprehensive review of the new technologies that provide additional, viable routes to enhance the performance of SiPh modulators.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…52,213 This holds for modulators involving monolithic or hybrid integration with electronics. 25,122,213 This paper aims to provide a comprehensive review of the new technologies that provide additional, viable routes to enhance the performance of SiPh modulators. These new technologies involve the integration of materials with high electro-optic coefficients with SiPh platforms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Taking silicon photonics modulators to a higher performance level: state-of-the-art and a review of new technologies

et al. 2021

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Optical links are moving to higher and higher transmission speeds while shrinking to shorter and shorter ranges where optical links are envisaged even at the chip scale. The scaling in data speed and span of the optical links demands modulators to be concurrently performant and cost-effective. Silicon photonics (SiPh), a photonic integrated circuit technology that leverages the fabrication sophistication of complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor technology, is well-positioned to deliver the performance, price, and manufacturing volume for the high-speed modulators of future optical communication links. SiPh has relied on the plasma dispersion effect, either in injection, depletion, or accumulation mode, to demonstrate efficient high-speed modulators. The high-speed plasma dispersion silicon modulators have been commercially deployed and have demonstrated excellent performance. Recent years have seen a paradigm shift where the integration of various electro-refractive and electro-absorptive materials has opened up additional routes toward performant SiPh modulators. These modulators are in the early years of their development. They promise to extend the performance beyond the limits set by the physical properties of silicon. The focus of our study is to provide a comprehensive review of contemporary (i.e., plasma dispersion modulators) and new modulator implementations that involve the integration of novel materials with SiPh.

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“…HPC systems where high bandwidth densities lower the total cost per transmitted bit [28]. Wavelength-division-multiplexing (WDM) systems built with microring resonators (MRR) have emerged as a promising way for reaching high bandwidth densities and energy efficiencies [29]. Note that the calculation of bandwidth densities of such systems should include not only drivers and receiving amplifiers, but also serializer (SER) and deserializers (DES) which are necessary to translate between line rate (≥ 10 Gb/s) and the clock rate of computing resources (max.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compact Optical TX and RX Macros for Computercom Monolithically Integrated in 45 nm CMOS

Eppenberger

Bonomi

Moor

et al. 2021

J. Lightwave Technol.

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As the reach of optical communications continues to shrink, photonics is moving from rack-to-rack datacom links to centimeter-scale in-computer applications (computercom) where different architectures are needed. Integrated optical microring resonators (MRRs) are emerging as an attractive choice for fulfilling the more stringent area and efficiency requirements: They offer scaling by wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) and high bandwidth densities. In this paper we present compact electro-optical transmit (TX) and receive (RX) macros for computercom monolithically integrated in 45nm CMOS. They operate with MRR modulators and photodetectors and include all necessary electronics and optics to enable optical links between on-chip data sources and sinks. A most compact implementation for thermal stabilization was enabled by sensing the optical device's bias currents in the driving electronics instead of using external operating point sensing optics. Using a field-effect transistor as heating element -as is possible in monolithic integration platforms -further reduces area and power necessary for thermal control. The TX macro is shown to work for data rates up to 16 Gb/s with a 5.5 dB extinction ratio (ER) and 2.4 dB insertion loss (IL). The RX macro demonstrates a sensitivity of 71 µApp at 12 Gb/s for a BER ≤ 10 -10 . An intra-chip link built with the macros achieves ≤ 2.35 pJ/b electrical efficiency and a BER ≤ 10 -10 at 10 Gb/s. Both macros are realized within 0.0073 mm 2 which amounts to 1.4 Tb/s/mm 2 bandwidth density per macro.

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Electronic–Photonic Co-Optimization of High-Speed Silicon Photonic Transmitters

Cited by 22 publications

References 26 publications

Monolithic silicon-photonic platforms in state-of-the-art CMOS SOI processes [Invited]

Monolithic silicon-photonic platforms in state-of-the-art CMOS SOI processes [Invited]

Taking silicon photonics modulators to a higher performance level: state-of-the-art and a review of new technologies

Compact Optical TX and RX Macros for Computercom Monolithically Integrated in 45 nm CMOS

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