Electronic nicotine delivery systems: is there a need for regulation?

Trtchounian, Anna; Talbot, Prue

doi:10.1136/tc.2010.037259

Cited by 126 publications

(139 citation statements)

References 12 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

128

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…EC have a mouthpiece containing a fluid-filled cartridge, an atomizer used to vaporize the cartridge fluid, and a battery that powers the atomizer [3]. The cartridge fluid usually contains nicotine, flavorings, and a humectant that when heated by the atomizer creates an inhalable aerosol.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Electronic cigarettes (EC) are nicotine delivery devices that are rapidly gaining acceptance as an alternative to conventional cigarettes with little knowledge regarding their effects on prenatal development or adult health [1][2][3]. EC have a mouthpiece containing a fluid-filled cartridge, an atomizer used to vaporize the cartridge fluid, and a battery that powers the atomizer [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The cartridge fluid usually contains nicotine, flavorings, and a humectant that when heated by the atomizer creates an inhalable aerosol. In some EC, the cartridge and atomizer are combined into a single unit called a "cartomizer" [3,4]. Refill fluid, also known as E-juice or E-liquid, contains flavoring, nicotine, and a humectant(s), such as propylene glycol (PG) and/or vegetable glycerin (VG).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Comparison of electronic cigarette refill fluid cytotoxicity using embryonic and adult models

Bahl¹,

Lin²,

Xu³

et al. 2012

Reproductive Toxicology

340

365

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

a b s t r a c tElectronic cigarettes (EC) and refill fluids are distributed with little information on their pre-and postnatal health effects. This study compares the cytotoxicity of EC refill fluids using embryonic and adult cells and examines the chemical characteristics of refill fluids using HPLC. Refill solutions were tested on human embryonic stem cells (hESC), mouse neural stem cells (mNSC), and human pulmonary fibroblasts (hPF) using the MTT assay, and NOAELs and IC 50 s were determined from dose-response curves. Spectral analysis was performed when products of the same flavor had different MTT outcomes. hESC and mNSC were generally more sensitive to refill solutions than hPF. All products from one company were cytotoxic to hESC and mNSC, but non-cytotoxic to hPF. Cytotoxicity was not due to nicotine, but was correlated with the number and concentration of chemicals used to flavor fluids. Additional studies are needed to fully assess the prenatal effect of refill fluids.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Comparison of electronic cigarette refill fluid cytotoxicity using embryonic and adult models

Bahl¹,

Lin²,

Xu³

et al. 2012

Reproductive Toxicology

340

365

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…However, the quality control test for the device has not been adequately performed. It was found that users can modify it for using addictive substances such as hashish (8,9).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Area to Fight: Electronic Cigarette

Börekçi¹,

Bilir²,

Karlikaya³

et al. 2015

Eurasian J Pulmonol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) is spreading like an epidemic that threatens the public health. Last one year, e-cigarette use increased by 2 times in both adults and children, and just as the cigarette ads of 1950s and 1960s, e-cigarette ads are taking place in the television, radio, internet, magazines and in the all kinds of advertising media. E-sigara should be recognized as a serious health threat, and should be fought against it. The aim of this review is to show the effects of e-cigarette on health by the scientific evidences.

show abstract

“…This aerosolizing delivery device is compatible with a disposable cartridge, which contains nicotine in solution of propylene glycol as the humectant. The devices are composed of a battery, a heating element, a power source, and a pressure switch (Trtchounian & Talbot, 2011). All these components are embedded in a tube with a mouthpiece (Figure 2.3), and the construction of device may vary.…”

Section: Electronic Nicotine Delivery Device (E-cigarette)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Nicotine Loaded Chitosan Nanoparticles for Lung Delivery

Wang¹

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Cigarette smoking has become one of the leading causes of preventable deaths all over the world, causing a serious threat to human wellbeing and a tremendous economic burden to governments. The currently available treatment options for smoking cessation are not efficient. The pulmonary delivery of drugs by methods such as dry powder inhaler (DPI) has been recognized as one of the most efficient routes of drug delivery to the targeted area. The lung delivery of nicotine in this way would be expected to mimic the effects of tobacco smoking and could significantly reduce the negative health effects of smoking that result from nicotine addiction.The aim of this study is to develop nanoparticles with controlled physicochemical properties using biodegradable polymer of chitosan (CS) loaded with nicotine salt for pulmonary delivery as DPI formulations. The outcomes of this project are expected to be a safe and effective CS-based nicotine formulation for pulmonary delivery to treat nicotine dependence. This thesis specially addresses the research questions: (1) how to develop a feasible process to manufacture the nanoparticles suitable for pulmonary drug delivery using biodegradable polymer of CS containing nicotine salt; (2) how to develop an animal model for pulmonary drug delivery from DPI formulation using a nose-only inhalation device.The current therapeutic options for treatment of smoking addiction have been reviewed, and current advancements of technology in pulmonary drug delivery are summarised. Buccal administration of drugs exhibits a low oral bioavailability, and sublingual tablets and chewing gums can be swallowed before being absorbed.Although nasal spray of nicotine is a fast way to deliver nicotine into the bloodstream, Development of Nicotine Loaded Chitosan Nanoparticles for Lung Delivery iii the rate of absorption is still not as rapid as cigarette smoking. Therefore, it is proposed that delivery of nicotine with sustained drug release profile direct into the deep lung is likely to more effectively mimic the rapid effects of cigarette smoking on a physiological level, which could eliminate patient craving and allow the tapering of nicotine level over time to improve patients' compliance.Water in oil (w/o) emulsion crosslinking method has been used to fabricate nicotine hydrogen tartrate (NHT)-loaded CS nanoparticles which separate as solid microaggregates. The physicochemical properties of particles are characterized by a series of techniques. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) shows that the prepared particles are spherical in morphology with rough surface after loading CS particles with NHT. Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS)by Zetasizer determined nanoparticle size ranging from 167.6 nm to 411 nm, while DLS by Mastersizer demonstrated that the microaggregates of these nanoparticles are in the respirable range (<5µm). The surface positive charge as measured by zeta potential tends to decrease with increase of mass ratios of NHT to CS, which is in contr...

show abstract

Electronic nicotine delivery systems: is there a need for regulation?

Abstract: Design flaws, lack of adequate labelling and concerns about quality control and health issues indicate that regulators should consider removing ENDS from the market until their safety can be adequately evaluated.

Cited by 126 publications

References 12 publications

Comparison of electronic cigarette refill fluid cytotoxicity using embryonic and adult models

Comparison of electronic cigarette refill fluid cytotoxicity using embryonic and adult models

A New Area to Fight: Electronic Cigarette

Development of Nicotine Loaded Chitosan Nanoparticles for Lung Delivery

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About