Electronic excitation and ionization temperature measurements in a high frequency inductively coupled argon plasma source and the influence of water vapour on plasma parameters

Plasma diagnostic on a low-flow plasma for inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry

“…It is well accepted that the conventional ICP is not in local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE), because the previously described temperatures differ even at the same spatial position [7,[16][17][18]. In general, a decreasing temperature trend can be observed in the ICP with: the range of 5600-6700 K depending on the observation height.…”

“…The study of these parameters is feasible by applying spatially and temporally resolved techniques including: 1) Boltzmann plot method for the determination of T rot and T exc ; 2) Rayleigh scattering for the determination of T kin ; 3) ratio of atomic and ionic emission for the determination of T ion ; 4) Stark broadening of the H β line, Langmuir probes, and Thomson scattering from free electrons for the determination of n e ; and 5) line-to-continuum method, Langmuir probes, and Thomson scattering for the determination of T e . These plasma diagnostic techniques have been comprehensively reviewed and described in a series of papers [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15].…”

Spectroscopic diagnostics of an atmospheric microwave plasma for monitoring metals pollution

“…The atomic excitation temperature was obtained by introducing an iron aerosol into the sample gas stream with a pneumatic nebulizer. Iron is used because the oscillator strengths (f) and statistical weights (g) for this atom are well documented and because this particular atom has a history of use for T exe measurements in many previous works [3,4,8]. A plot of An iron spectrum taken with the ISA spectrometer is shown in Figure 3.…”

Interference Effects from Easily Ionizable Elements in Flame AES and ICP‐OES: A Proposed Simplified Rate Model Based on Collisional Charge Transfer Between Analyte and Interferent Species

“…[9,10] Mechanisms that have been proposed to explain the effects of easily ionizable elements include shifts in the ionization equilibrium, [2 -4] enhanced collisional excitation, [2,4,5] volatilization effects, [2,4] ambipolar diffusion, [2,4] and nebulizer effects, [2] quenching of Ar metastable atoms, [7 -10] charge transfer involving Ar species, [11] radiation trapping with population of resonant levels of Ar, [12 -14] direct electron impact ionization and excitation, [15] and autoionization and dielectric recombination. [16,17] In spite of this huge volume of work, there is still no agreement on the dominant mechanism. [18,19] The classic collisional-radiative rate model approach takes into account all possible electronic states of the analyte and matrix.…”