Electronic cigarette use in New South Wales, Australia: reasons for use, place of purchase and use in enclosed and outdoor places

Twyman, Laura; Watts, Christina; Chapman, Kathy; Walsberger, Scott

doi:10.1111/1753-6405.12822

Cited by 19 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…40 A study from Australia in 2016 showed that among 66 current electronic cigarette users, 15% vaped in restaurants and bars and 28% in workplaces. 2 Finally, in a Spanish study based on 600 electronic cigarette users, 33% had used electronic cigarettes in workplaces, 69% in restaurants or bars, 3% on public transport, and 55% in nightclubs. 15 Compared to the above studies, in general, we found higher prevalence rates of use in smoke-free indoor environments, probably because our sample included mainly relatively heavy smokers looking for smoking cessation support.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Electronic cigarettes are electronic devices containing a liquid heated to generate an inhalable vapor, which may contain nicotine. 1,2 In most high-income countries, electronic cigarettes were introduced into the market around 2010, and since then they have gained popularity worldwide. 1,3,4 In Europe, after an initial rapid spread of electronic cigarette use, 5 its use increased only slightly, with the proportion of adult regular users rising from 1.5% in 2014 to 1.8% in 2017.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Electronic cigarette use among Italian smokers: patterns, settings, and adverse events

Gallus

Borroni

Liu

et al. 2020

Tumori

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Objective: Information is scanty on the patterns and settings of electronic cigarette use and on its possible adverse events. To fill the knowledge gap on these issues, we conducted a survey among ever-smokers attending smoking cessation services (SCS) in Italy. Methods: In 2016–2018, we enrolled 395 ever-smokers aged ⩾18 years who were current or former electronic cigarette users in 12 SCS from northern, central, and southern Italy. Results: In all, 12.4% of ever smokers were regular, 9.4% occasional, and 78.2% past users of electronic cigarettes. Of all users, 93.8% consumed electronic cigarettes with nicotine, 95.9% used refillable devices, and 76.6% purchased electronic cigarette devices or liquids in vape shops. The mean duration of use was 3.7 months and the mean number of puffs per day was 86. Among users, 71.5% used electronic cigarettes in at least 1 smoke-free indoor environment, 53.7% in workplaces, 49.5% in restaurants and bars, 33.5% in train/metro stations or airports, and 18.4% in public transports. The use of electronic cigarettes in smoke-free environments significantly decreased with age and increased with duration of use and nicotine dependence. In our sample, 47.1% reported at least 1 adverse event attributable to electronic cigarette use: 19.5% dry cough, 12.0% dry mouth, 7.6% throat or mouth irritation, and 6.8% sore throat. Conclusion: In Italy, most conventional cigarette smokers use electronic cigarettes where smoking conventional cigarettes is prohibited. About half of users reported 1 or more symptoms attributable to electronic cigarettes, despite the relatively short duration of use.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electronic cigarette use among Italian smokers: patterns, settings, and adverse events

Gallus

Borroni

Liu

et al. 2020

Tumori

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“…However, e-cigarettes do not burn tobacco. Instead they vaporise e-liquid, a solution that is typically composed of nicotine, propylene glycol (PG) and vegetable glycerine (VG) often supplemented with various flavouring compounds and/or ethanol [1][2][3]. The main benefit of ecigarettes is that they enable nicotine intake without exposure to many other, often hazardous, chemicals which are normally present in tobacco cigarettes [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nicotine intoxication by e-cigarette liquids: a study of case reports and pathophysiology

Maessen

Wijnhoven

Neijzen

et al. 2019

Clinical Toxicology

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Background: Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes), the smokeless alternative to conventional tobacco cigarettes, have become increasingly popular. E-cigarettes vaporise e-liquid, a solution of highly concentrated nicotine, propylene glycol (PG) and vegetable glycerine (VG). With the popularity of e-cigarettes, e-liquid refills have become easily accessible and several cases of intoxication due to the ingestion of e-liquid have been reported. We provide an overview of these cases, their pathophysiology and patients' characteristics. Methods: We carried out a retrospective evaluation of the scientific literature reporting on cases of liquid nicotine intoxication, using the following inclusion criteria: (1) the article is or contains a case report, (2) describes an intoxication with e-liquid, (3) the substance contains nicotine, and (4) intake is oral, intravenous or subcutaneous. Results: We found 26 case reports describing a total of 31 patients who suffered from e-liquid intoxication. All intoxications up to the age of six were reported as unintentional, whereas nearly all cases from ages 13 to 53 were due to suicide attempts. The three most prevalent symptoms of e-liquid intoxication were tachycardia, altered mental status and vomiting. Eleven cases resulted in the death of the patient. In the survivors, the highest plasma concentration of nicotine was 800 mg L À1 , while the lowest concentration in the non-survivors was 1600 mg L À1 . Conclusions: There is a mismatch between the generally accepted lethal oral nicotine dose of 60 mg, resulting in approximately 180 mg L À1 plasma concentration, and the 4.4-to 8.9-fold higher lethal plasma concentrations we found in cases of e-liquid intoxication. In these severe intoxications, plasma cotinine concentration does not act as a more reliable indicator of nicotine intoxication than nicotine itself. The ages of the patients display a bimodal distribution. In patients above the age of 10, intoxication results mainly from suicide attempts rather than accidental ingestion. The role of PG and VG in e-liquid intoxications is remarkably unclear. However, the similarity across nicotine and PG toxicity symptoms leads us to believe a cumulative effect cannot be excluded. ARTICLE HISTORY

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“…Heuristics based on sensory perceptions, and interpretations of others’ reactions, informed beliefs about SHA and shaped norms that guided vaping practices. The absence of information documenting SHA’s potential risks led participants to extrapolate that it was not only safer than SHS, but carried few, if any, risks and was therefore safe to bystanders 34. While many scientists treat inadequate information conservatively and call for cautious and protective regulation, our participants interpreted the information vacuum as a sign of SHA’s safety.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

It’s Just Steam: a qualitative analysis of New Zealand ENDS users’ perceptions of secondhand aerosol

et al. 2020

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IntroductionMany smokers who begin using electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) report vaping in settings where they would not have smoked and believe secondhand aerosol (SHA) is simply steam. However, current understanding of how ENDS users differentiate between secondhand smoke and SHA, or how vaping norms develop, is limited.MethodsWe conducted in-depth, semi-structured interviews with 39 current ENDS users (dual users and former smokers, now exclusive ENDS users) from New Zealand to explore participants’ perceptions of SHA. We probed how these perceptions arose and examined implications for vaping practices and policy. We managed the data using NVivo V.11 and used a thematic analysis approach to interpret the transcripts.ResultsParticipants had limited understanding of SHA, its constituents or its possible effects on others. They drew on the absence of harm information, and their sensory experiences and perceptions of others’ views of vaping, to support the conclusion that SHA posed few, if any, risks to bystanders. Yet despite this perception, some felt they should recognise others’ rights to clean air and most would not vape around children to avoid setting an example.ConclusionsIn the absence of trusted information, participants used sensory heuristics to rationalise their ENDS practices. Policy-makers face the challenge of correcting misperceptions about SHA without deterring full transition from smoking to ENDS use. They could consider including vaping in current smoke-free area policies; this measure would signal that SHA is not harmless, and could protect clean-air settings and reduce potential normalisation of vaping among non-smokers.

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Electronic cigarette use in New South Wales, Australia: reasons for use, place of purchase and use in enclosed and outdoor places

Cited by 19 publications

References 25 publications

Electronic cigarette use among Italian smokers: patterns, settings, and adverse events

Electronic cigarette use among Italian smokers: patterns, settings, and adverse events

Nicotine intoxication by e-cigarette liquids: a study of case reports and pathophysiology

It’s Just Steam: a qualitative analysis of New Zealand ENDS users’ perceptions of secondhand aerosol

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