Electronic and thermal generation of vibrations of optically excited cantilevers

Abstract

The results of the theoretical analysis of the dynamic effects in the optically excited cantilevers were given. Theoretical model for dynamic elastic bending for two-layer cantilevers was derived including electronic and thermal elastic deformation effects which have the main influence on the dynamics of the cantilevers. The influence of the carrier transport characteristics (the carrier diffusion coefficient, the lifetime of photogenerated carriers, and the carrier recombination velocities) to the elastic vibrations of cantilevers was analyzed. Theoretical model was verified by comparing with the experimental results. The results of these investigations are important for sensors, actuators, and resonators based on the cantilevers.

Role of the driving laser position on atomic force microscopy cantilevers excited by photothermal and radiation pressure effects

“…1͑d͒ and 1͑e͒, obtaining a good fit. When using uncoated cantilevers, the contribution of the photothermal effect does no longer dominate, 20,21 it becomes of the same order of magnitude of the radiation pressure that has to be taken into account. In the approximation, hitherto adopted of a negligible laser spot size, 22 the force contribution due to the radiation pressure ͓Eq.…”

Characterization and Modeling of Photostriction in Silicon Cantilevers Fabricated on Silicon-on-Insulator Substrates

“…In addition to the experimental evidence presented, the theoretical analysis presented in these two works laid the theoretical foundation required to understand and harness photostriction. With the realization of micro-sized semiconductor suspended structures, such as beams and cantilevers, made possible by MEMS-based technology, photostriction was readily demonstrated as an effective mechanism for achieving mechanical movement in such structures [11]- [13]. Datskos et al studied photostriction extensively and also applied it to photo-detection [12], [16], whilst Guo et al developed a model consistent with the experimental results of Datskos et al [17].…”

“…Optical actuation of micro-and nano-mechanical beams and cantilevers can be achieved by exploiting primarily three fundamental physical phenomena: Photothermal effects [4], [8], [9], radiation pressure [4], [10], and photostriction [11]- [13]. Among these actuation mechanisms, photothermal actuation has been the most widely studied, and is based on the differential thermal expansion coefficient of thin bilayer films employed to form micro-beams and cantilevers.…”

Direct actuation of cantilever in aqueous solutions by electrostatic force using high-frequency electric fields

“…The amplitude and phase curves do not match with the theoretical curves because of the finite time constant of the thermal conduction. 23,24 Figure 2(c) shows the frequency response curves obtained by the AM-HF electrostatic actuation method. An AM-HF signal was applied between the cantilever and a Pt plate of a counter electrode located 20 lm beneath the cantilever.…”