Electron transfer reactions of cytochrome c at metal electrodes

Diamond nanotextured surfaces for enhanced protein redox activity

“…No electron transfer was detected on both electrodes. This is in agreement with data published in the literature on flat solid substrates 11–16. The background current as detected on the H‐terminated surface did not change before and after exposure to cyt c solution, while the background current of the OH‐terminated transducer was enhanced almost by a factor of 2.…”

“…The Fe(III) redox centre of cyt c is deeply buried within the folded amino acid chains. A direct electron transfer reaction between a smooth transducer and the Fe‐redox structure is therefore very unlikely as measured on flat metal electrodes 11–14 and on flat diamond surfaces 15, 16.…”

Enzyme Bioelectrochemistry in Cast Biomembrane-Like Films

“…Voltammetry with Mb in solution revealed little evidence of electron transfer on PG, Au, or Pt. Relatively slow electron transfer was achieved on ITO electrodes, but was more reversible with a “hydrophilic” electrode and careful protein purification immediately before voltammetry . Mb in films of DDAB, DMPC, and other insoluble surfactants on PG, Au or Pt electrodes gave direct, reversible electron-transfer involving the heme Fe(III)/Fe(II). ,,,, No special purification is needed.…”

“…With few exceptions, special electrode preparations are required. One approach employs highly purified protein solutions and specially cleaned electrodes . Another coats electrodes with promoter molecules which facilitate electron transfer by blocking adsorptive denaturation and favorably orienting the protein. 4a,b A novel variant uses chemisorbed alkanethiol monolayers on gold, with end functional groups capable of binding proteins. , Similarly, edge plane pyrolytic graphite electrodes (PG) with carboxylate functionality can adsorb proteins 4c.…”

Screen printed graphite macroelectrodes for the direct electron transfer of cytochrome c

“…However, reversible kinetics can be achieved for purified cyt c solutions at bare metal electrodes after extensive pretreatment. 8 Consequently, the general approach for the electrochemistry of cyt c generally involves the use of mediators supported on electrode surfaces. [9][10][11][12] Davis and co-workers were the first to demonstrate that cyt c could be voltammetrically quantified on purified carbon nanotubes, 13 which has been extended with single-walled 14 and multiwalled 15 carbon (MW-CNTs) modified electrodes with the former indicating that voltammetric profiles were only possible after activation via an extensive electrochemical pre-treatment.…”