Electron Spectroscopic Diffraction

Reimer, Ludwig; Fromm, I.; Naundorf, I.

doi:10.1007/978-3-540-48995-5_6

Cited by 12 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 83 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Diffraction patterns were energy-filtered to exclude all but zero-loss electrons. This method removed background intensity caused by multiply scattered electrons (24) and was especially important for diffraction patterns recorded from thicker regions of the specimens. A grid of evaporated gold (EF Fullam, Inc.) was used to calibrate the camera length of the microscope in diffraction.…”

Section: Mineral Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cartilage Calcification Studied by Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Microscopy

Potter

Leapman

Basser

et al. 2002

Journal of Bone and Mineral Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A three-dimensional (3D) mineralizing culture system using hollow fiber bioreactors has been developed to study the early stages of endochondral ossification by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) microscopy. Chondrocytes harvested from the cephalic half of the sterna from 17-day-old chick embryos were terminally differentiated with 33 nM of retinoic acid for 1 week and mineralization was initiated by the addition of 1% ␤-glycerophosphate to the culture medium. Histological sections taken after 6 weeks of development in culture confirmed calcification of the cartilage matrix formed in bioreactors. Calcium to phosphorus ratios (

show abstract

Section: Mineral Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cartilage Calcification Studied by Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Microscopy

Potter

Leapman

Basser

et al. 2002

Journal of Bone and Mineral Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Experimental Kikuchi pattern features in TEM and SEM share many similarities, which are discussed, for example, in Refs. 70 and 87–89 . Compared to the situation in a TEM, however, the conventional EBSD setups usually involve very large scattering angles (

\approx

40–130 degrees), relative to the primary beam of the SEM as well as to the sample surface.…”

Section: Theoretical Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kikuchi pattern simulations of backscattered and transmitted electrons

Winkelmann

Nolze

Cios

et al. 2021

Journal of Microscopy

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We discuss a refined simulation approach which treats Kikuchi diffraction patterns in electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) and transmission Kikuchi diffraction (TKD). The model considers the result of two combined mechanisms: (a) the dynamical diffraction of electrons emitted coherently from point sources in a crystal and (b) diffraction effects on incoherent diffuse intensity distributions. Using suitable parameter settings, the refined simulation model allows to reproduce various thickness‐ and energy‐dependent features which are observed in experimental Kikuchi diffraction patterns. Excess‐deficiency features are treated by the effect of gradients in the incoherent background intensity. Based on the analytical two‐beam approximation to dynamical electron diffraction, a phenomenological model of excess‐deficiency features is derived, which can be used for pattern matching applications. The model allows to approximate the effect of the incident beam geometry as a correction signal for template patterns which can be reprojected from pre‐calculated reference data. As an application, we find that the accuracy of fitted projection centre coordinates in EBSD and TKD can be affected by changes in the order of 10−3–10−2 if excess‐deficiency features are not considered in the theoretical model underlying a best‐fit pattern matching approach. Correspondingly, the absolute accuracy of simulation‐based EBSD strain determination can suffer from biases of a similar order of magnitude if excess‐deficiency effects are neglected in the simulation model.

show abstract

“…Diffraction patterns and TEM images were recorded digitally using a CCD camera controlled by Gatan Digital Micrograph v.3.3 software (Gatan, Inc.) running on a Power Macintosh computer. All but zeroloss electrons were energy-filtered from the diffraction pattern to remove the background intensity caused by multiply scattered electrons (50). The focal length of the microscope in diffraction mode was calibrated with a grid of evaporated gold (EF Fullam, Inc.) and the diameters of observed polycrystalline ring patterns were measured using NIH IMAGE software (http://rsb.info.nih.gov/nih-image/) (51).…”

Section: Mineral Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of bioreactor-cultivated bone by magnetic resonance microscopy and FTIR microspectroscopy

Chesnick

Avallone

Leapman

et al. 2007

Bone

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We present a three-dimensional mineralizing model based on a hollow fiber bioreactor (HFBR) inoculated with primary osteoblasts isolated from embryonic chick calvaria. Using non-invasive magnetic resonance microscopy (MRM), the growth and development of the mineralized tissue around the individual fibers were monitored over a period of nine weeks. Spatial maps of the water proton MRM properties of the intact tissue, with 78 μm resolution, were used to determine changes in tissue composition with development. Unique changes in the mineral and collagen content of the tissue were detected with high specificity by proton density (PD) and magnetization transfer ratio (MTR) maps, respectively. At the end of the growth period, the presence of a bone-like tissue was verified by histology and the formation of poorly crystalline apatite was verified by selected area electron diffraction and electron probe X-ray microanalysis. FTIR microspectroscopy confirmed the heterogeneous nature of the bone-like tissue formed. FTIR-derived phosphate maps confirmed that those locations with the lowest PD values contained the most mineral, and FTIR-derived collagen maps confirmed that bright pixels on MTR maps corresponded to regions of high collagen content. In conclusion, the spatial mapping of tissue constituents by FTIR microspectroscopy corroborated the findings of non-invasive MRM measurements and supported the role of MRM in monitoring the bone formation process in vitro.

show abstract

Electron Spectroscopic Diffraction

Cited by 12 publications

References 83 publications

Cartilage Calcification Studied by Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Microscopy

Cartilage Calcification Studied by Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Microscopy

Kikuchi pattern simulations of backscattered and transmitted electrons

Evaluation of bioreactor-cultivated bone by magnetic resonance microscopy and FTIR microspectroscopy

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About