Electron microscopical investigations of hexagonal phase precipitation in Zn12 wt% Al1 wt% Cu and Zn27 wt% Al2 wt% Cu alloys

Association of Statin Therapy With Prevention of Vision-Threatening Diabetic Retinopathy

“…According to the ACCORD-EYE studies, the addition of fenofibrate to simvastatin was associated with a slower progression of diabetic retinopathy compared with simvastatin alone. 14,15 In our study, we found that statin therapy alone was associated with a reduced risk of diabetic retinopathy compared with the nonstatin group (10.6% vs 12.0%). Our finding could expand the conclusion from the ACCORD-EYE study 14,15 that the group receiving statins and fenofibrate had the lowest risk of diabetic retinopathy (6.5% in the ACCORD-EYE study), followed by the group receiving statins alone (10.6% in our study and 10.2% in the ACCORD-EYE study) and the nonstatin group (12.0% in our study).…”

“…Since the Wisconsin Epidemiologic Study of Diabetic Retinopathy 12 found a correlation between serum cholesterol and retinal exudates in diabetic retinopathy, several studies have investigated the association of lipid-lowering therapy with diabetic retinopathy. In the FIELD 13 and ACCORD-EYE 14 trials, fibrates slowed the progression of diabetic retinopathy. As for statins, the ACCORD-EYE study showed that the combination of fenofibrate and simvastatin also slowed the progression of diabetic retinopathy compared with simvastatin alone.…”

“…As for statins, the ACCORD-EYE study showed that the combination of fenofibrate and simvastatin also slowed the progression of diabetic retinopathy compared with simvastatin alone. 14,15 A nationwide study of 62 716 individuals in Denmark found that statin use prior to receiving a diagnosis of diabetes decreased the risk of developing diabetic retinopathy by approximately 40%. 17 However, a small, nested case-control study of 684 individuals by Zhang and McGwin 29 did not support the association between statins and the development of diabetic retinopathy without considering baseline dyslipidemia.…”

“…13 Then, the Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes-Eye (ACCORD-EYE) studies showed that fenofibrate plus simvastatin, a 3-hydroxy-methylglutaryl coenzyme-A reductase inhibitor, could decrease the progression of diabetic retinopathy compared with simvastatin alone, which, by itself, showed no improvement in this trial vs placebo. 14,15 In addition, statin therapy alone was associated with reduced risk of development of diabetic macular edema and progression of diabetic retinopathy. 16 Subsequently, a population-based study in Denmark showed that use of statins before receiving a diagnosis of diabetes decreased the cumulative incidence of diabetic retinopathy after diagnosis.…”

Association of Fenofibrate Therapy With Long-term Cardiovascular Risk in Statin-Treated Patients With Type 2 Diabetes

“…37,38 It is also important to note that in ACCORD, fenofibrate treatment slowed progression of diabetic microvascular disease including retinopathy and nephropathy. 9,18 On the other hand, reversible increases in creatinine and paradoxical lowering of HDL-C were also observed with increased frequency in those randomized to fenofibrate in ACCORD-Lipid. 39,40 Limitations It is also important to note that these prespecified subgroup analyses can only be considered hypothesis-generating and in some cases are based on a relatively small number of events.…”