Electron microscopic visualization of complementary labeled DNA with platinum‐containing guanine derivative

Abstract

The object of the present report is to provide a method for a visualization of DNA in TEM by complementary labeling of cytosine with guanine derivative, which contains platinum as contrast-enhanced heavy element. The stretched single-chain DNA was obtained by modifying double-stranded DNA. The labeling method comprises the following steps: (i) stretching and adsorption of DNA on the support film of an electron microscope grid (the hydrophobic carbon film holding negative charged DNA); (ii) complementary labeling of the cytosine bases from the stretched single-stranded DNA pieces on the support film with platinum containing guanine derivative to form base-specific hydrogen bond; and (iii) producing a magnified image of the base-specific labeled DNA. Stretched single-stranded DNA on a support film is obtained by a rapid elongation of DNA pieces on the surface between air and aqueous buffer solution. The attached platinum-containing guanine derivative serves as a high-dense marker and it can be discriminated from the surrounding background of support carbon film and visualized by use of conventional TEM observation at 100 kV accelerated voltage. This method allows examination of specific nucleic macromolecules through atom-by-atom analysis and it is promising way toward future DNA-sequencing or molecular diagnostics of nucleic acids by electron microscopic observation.

Toward Visualizing Genomic DNA Using Electron Microscopy via DNA Metallization

“…[ 159 ] Along similar lines, dGTP was modified to include platinum, facilitating the identification of cytosine in the template DNA (Figure 12D). [ 160 ] While individual bases have been modified in the above studies as a proof‐of‐concept, multiplexing with different contrast‐agent labels in combination with a high‐resolution automated imager allows for direct DNA sequencing from EM‐based images, as demonstrated by Own et al, shown in Figure 12C. [ 161 ]…”