Electron Energy Loss during Photoemission

Abstract

During the photoemission process, whereby the solid absorbs a photon and emits an electron, other excitations such as plasmons or phonons may be created. A calculation is presented of t h e excitation probability of both the surface and bulk form of these excitations. It is shown that electrons which originate near the surface excite mostly surface excitations, whereas those which originate deeper inside the solid have 8 higher probability of making bulk modes. The excitation rates for the hole are also included in a model which assumes that the hole is localized.Dans le processus de photoemission, lorsque le solide absorbe une photon ou un electron, d'autres excitations, comme des plasmons ou des phonons, 6tre crbes. On prhsente un calcul de probabilith d'excitation de ces modes aussi bien a la surface qu'h l'intbrieur du solide. On demontre que les electrons qui ont leur origine prhs de la surface provoquent, pour la plupart, les excitations de surface, tandis que ceux qiii ont une origine PIUS profonde de I'interieur de la solide, ont une probabilith plus grande de provoquer des modes internes. Les taux d'excitation du trou sont enclus egalement dans un modhle qui suppose que le trou est localisb.

Dynamical image potential and induced forces for charged particles moving parallel to a solid surface

“…One of the important developments in this area was the extension of the dielectric formalism to treat the interaction of external charges with a semi-infinite medium [2 -5] or the alternative Hamiltonian approach [6,7] where the surface excitations are described in terms of quantized modes. The latter approach is usually applicable to ideal metal surfaces, while the former approach permits, in principle, the introduction of more realistic response functions for dispersive media [8], although so far most of the ealeulations have been made using free-electron-gas models.…”

In–out asymmetry in the interaction of a charged projectile traversing a vacuum–metal interface in an oblique trajectory

“…Here, however, we are interested in studying oblique trajectories, where this approximation fails, Note that there is no physical reason to cut the integral in k only in one direction and not in the other [7,13], and that by doing so a spurious spatial asymmetry is introduced that might lead to unrealistic results. For instance, it produces a dependence of the energy loss on the incidence angle at asymptotic distances from the surface, as explained in the following section.…”

“…For the calculation of these induced potentials and energy loss rates, it is customary to extended to infinity the limits of integration over the component of k perpendicular to the surface (see e.g. [7], and references therein), keeping the usual cutoff [13,14] of the plasma response function only in the parallel component of k, namely k jj 6 k c with…”

Unraveling intrinsic correlation effects with angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy

“…Scattering Contributions to the Nondispersing Satellites. It should not be expected that the intrinsic spectral function compares quantitatively with experiment, since it does not include effects due to inelastic scattering of the outgoing photoelectron, called extrinsic and interference effects (38). The magnitude and consequences of these effects have been subject to vivid discussion; see, e.g., refs.…”