Electron emission and product analysis of estrone: progesterone interactions studied by experimentsin vitro

Abstract

Recent studies showed that hormones like progesterone, testosterone, etc. can eject e aq − (solvated electrons). By means of electron transfer processes via the brain, the hormones communicate with other biological systems in the organism. The present study proves that also estrone is able to emit electrons. Their yield strongly depends on the concentration of the hormone, temperature and on the absorbed energy. The metabolites resulting from this process are likewise able to generate electrons, however with much smaller yields. The formation of the estrone metabolites is studied by HPLC-analyses. In vitro experiments with MCF-7 cells demonstrate the distinct effect of progesterone on the carcinogenity of estrone metabolites. Probable reaction mechanisms for explanation of the observed effects are postulated.

Hormones: electron emission, communication, mutual interaction, regeneration, metabolites, carcinogenesis and receptor action

“…The obtained results clearly proved the distinct effect of PRG-transients (produced by attack of oxidizing and reducing radicals) on the carcinogenity of E1 metabolites [15] . It is very likely that the transients also originating from 17 α -OHPRG, 21 α -OHPRG and CORT are expected to possess the same biological properties as PRG.…”

“…Representatives of this hormone group were reported: 17 β -estradiol (17 β E2) [8,10] , estrone (E1) [15] and 4-hydroxyestrone (4-HOE1) [16] . The observed yield of the ejected e aq − from their singlet excited state was higher compared to other hormone types, which will be discussed subsequently.…”

“…Firstly, I will discuss the reaction mechanisms of the e aq − emission from estrogens, having an aromatic ring A of the molecule. Taking 17 β -estradiol (17 β E2) as a representative, the following reactions can take place when it is electronically excited in water/ethanol = 40/60 media [8,9,15,16] . Based on previous studies [6] , the formation of the hormone radicals R 1…”

Photo-induced regeneration of hormones by electron transfer processes: Potential biological and medical consequences

“…The same dependence was observed previously in the electron emission process of various hormones (e.g. Gerschpacher et al, 2010; Getoff et al, 2009a, 2010a, 2010b ). Obviously, the functional groups and their position in the molecule play an important role in these processes.…”

“…It has been established on a number of steroid hormones ( Gerschpacher et al, 2010; Getoff et al, 2008, 2009a, 2010a, 2010b, 2010c, 2010d, 2010e ) and on phyto-hormone genistein ( Getoff et al, 2009b ) that hormones in a polar media containing water are able to emit electrons when excited in their singlet state. Above all, the electron yield depends not only on the molecular structure and concentration of the hormone, but also on the polarity and the pH of the media, temperature, energy input, etc.…”