Electromyography Data Transmission via Galvanic Coupling Intra-body Communication Link

Vizziello, Anna; Savazzi, Pietro; Magenes, Giovanni

doi:10.1145/3477206.3477450

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Low-frequency EM technologies are customarily classified based on their coupling principles, that use different physical methods to generate an electrical signal to propagate through the human body. Body-area coupling methods are classified into capacitive and galvanic [25]. The electrical signal lies below 100 MHz and conveys power levels in the order of 𝜇W, lower than those used in traditional RF signals, which extend up to several GHz [9], [26].…”

Section: Low-power Coupling Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Experimental Channel Characterization of Human Body Communication Based on Measured Impulse Response

Vizziello,

Savazzi,

Guerra

et al. 2024

IEEE Trans. Commun.

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Intra-body communication (IBC) will foster personalized medicine by enabling interconnection of implanted devices. Communication takes place through energy-efficient technologies such as capacitive coupling (CC) and galvanic coupling (GC); however, their modeling is still incomplete. This paper tackles characterization of the human body channel using impulse response, including a first-ever comparison of CC and GC in both wearable and implantable configurations. Experimental data are leveraged to evaluate the measured impulse response in exvivo chicken tissue and in-vivo human tissue in a frequency range up to 100 kHz. Pseudorandom noise (PN) sequences are transmitted in baseband and a correlative channel sounding system is implemented. Experimental results demonstrate that the channel is relatively flat in the frequency range of interest, thus offering the opportunity to simplify the design of an IBC transceiver. The relationship between the channel responses and the transmitter-to-receiver distance is also examined using linear correlation, and two regression models are developed. The results show that CC channels are not affected by distance within the range of investigation, while a negative relationship is found for GC channels. Finally, experiments reveal that implantable CC with isolated ground -not deeply investigated yet-is a very promising solution for IBC.

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Section: Low-power Coupling Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This technology is suitable for implanted scenarios and consumes two orders of magnitude less energy than RF transceivers [30]. Its usual operating frequency range is 1 kHz-100 MHz with a coverage range up to 20 − 30 cm [25].…”

Section: A Coupling Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Channel Characterization of Human Body Communication Based on Measured Impulse Response

Vizziello,

Savazzi,

Guerra

et al. 2024

IEEE Trans. Commun.

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“…For this reason, body coupling methods have gained great attention in IBC research aimed at ensuring safety and decreasing energy consumption. Body coupling methods are classified into capacitive and galvanic coupling techniques [21].…”

Section: Low-power Coupling Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This technology is suitable for implanted scenarios and consumes two orders of magnitude less energy than RF transceivers [23]. Its usual operating frequency range is 1 kHz-100 MHz with a coverage range up to 20 − 30 cm [21].…”

Section: A Coupling Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The in-vivo tissue (human leg) involved heterogeneous multi-layers tissues, i. e., skin, fat, muscle and bone tissues. Indeed, although the electrodes are placed on the skin, the signal is expected to flow not only in the outmost layer of skin but rather in all of the aforementioned tissues [21]. Performances were computed over 100 runs.…”

Section: A Experimental Setupmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Experimental Channel Characterization of Human Body Communication Based on Measured Impulse Response

Vizziello¹,

Savazzi²,

Dell’Acqua³

2023

Preprint

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<p>The emerging research area of intra-body communication (IBC) will foster personalized medicine by enabling interconnection of implanted devices that ensure pervasive patient monitoring and characterization. Communication takes place through energy-efficient technologies such as the capacitive coupling (CC) and galvanic coupling (GC) techniques, which enable body-area communication without wiring; however, the relative novelty of such communication methods means their modeling is still incomplete. This paper focuses on channel characterization of the human body, directly comparing for the first time CC and GC techniques in both wearable and implantable configuration. Experimental data are considered to evaluate the measured impulse response in both ex-vivo chicken tissue and in-vivo human tissue in a frequency range up to 100 kHz. Pseudorandom noise (PN) sequences are transmitted in baseband and a correlative channel sounding system is implemented to evaluate the channel impulse and frequency response through real measurements. Experimental results demonstrate that the channel is relatively flat in the frequency range of interest, which simplifies the design of a transceiver suitable for intra-body networks (IBNs).</p>

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Low-Resource Fully-Digital BPSK Demodulation Technique for Intra-Body Wireless Sensor Networks

Pitou,

Azais,

Bernard

et al. 2024

2024 IEEE International Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (I2MTC)

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Electromyography Data Transmission via Galvanic Coupling Intra-body Communication Link

Cited by 7 publications

References 22 publications

Experimental Channel Characterization of Human Body Communication Based on Measured Impulse Response

Experimental Channel Characterization of Human Body Communication Based on Measured Impulse Response

Experimental Channel Characterization of Human Body Communication Based on Measured Impulse Response

Low-Resource Fully-Digital BPSK Demodulation Technique for Intra-Body Wireless Sensor Networks

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