Electromagnetic Shielding Performance of Carbon Black Mixed Concrete with Zn–Al Metal Thermal Spray Coating

Lee, Han-Seung; Park, Jinho; Singh, Jitendra Kumar; Choi, Hyun-Jun; Mandal, Soumen; Jang, Jeong Hoon; Yang, Hyun-Min

doi:10.3390/ma13040895

Cited by 21 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Cementitious composites with ordinary Portland Cement (PC) were prepared without biochar and with biochar as filler (14 wt.% and 18 wt.%). Samples were prepared in order to fit a WR90 waveguide (8)(9)(10)(11)(12). With the help of a full-wave simulator, the fabrication tolerances of the samples were analyzed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Electromagnetic shields are deployed to protect sensitive devices against electromagnetic interference [8,9]. In places that are vulnerable to electromagnetic interference, shielding materials can be applied as a coating on wall surfaces [10]. A number of devices working at microwave-and millimeter-wave frequencies are used in the health sector for applications like imaging, tomography, etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Shielding Properties of Cement Composites Filled with Commercial Biochar

et al. 2020

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The partial substitution of non-renewable materials in cementitious composites with eco-friendly materials is promising not only in terms of cost reduction, but also in improving the composites’ shielding properties. The water and carbon content of a commercial lignin-based biochar is analyzed with thermal gravimetric analysis. Cementitious composite samples of lignin-based biochar with 14 wt.% and 18 wt.% are realized. Good dispersion of the filler in the composites is observed by SEM analysis. The samples are fabricated in order to fit in a rectangular waveguide for measurements of the shielding effectiveness in the X-band. A shielding effectiveness of 15 dB was obtained at a frequency of 10 GHz in the case of composites with 18 wt.% biochar. Full-wave simulations are performed by fitting the measured shielding effectiveness to the simulated shielding effectiveness by varying material properties in the simulator. Analysis of the dimensional tolerances and thickness of the samples is performed with the help of full/wave simulations. Lignin-based biochar is a good candidate for partial substitution of cement in cementitious composites, as the shielding effectiveness of the composites increases substantially.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shielding Properties of Cement Composites Filled with Commercial Biochar

et al. 2020

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“…Protection from electromagnetic pulse is ubiquitously achieved by shielding efforts (Lee et al, 2020;Jang et al, 2020), whereas this manuscript proposes passive mitigation by adopting adaptive electronics capable of countering the effects of the transient voltages. Following the successful implementation of nonlinear adaptive methods to spacecraft attitude control (Sands et al, 2007;Sands et al, 2009;Sands et al, 2012)−, Cooper et al (2017) utilize the inherent dynamic of the van der Pol oscillator (in a feedforward-only sense) governed by electrodynamic physics to establish a forcing function (Eq.…”

Section: Adaptive Methods To Protect Electronic System Timing Circuitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Countering the Deleterious Effects of Electromagnetic Pulse

Sands

2021

Front.Electron.

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Robot systems like automated shipping swinging robots, wire transducer sensors and even computer indigenous time sensors (amongst others) often use oscillating circuits such as the famous van der Pol system, while this manuscript investigates protection of such sensor circuitry to spurious voltage spikes accompanying an electromagnetic pulse. These spurious voltages can lead to uncontrolled robot motion and even debilitation. A very brief discussion of electromagnetic pulses yields design parameters to evaluate circuit responses to realistic disturbing pulses. Recent research in nonlinear-adaptive methods to protect circuits are described to highlight the proposed novelty: utilization of feedback rules as adaptive mechanisms to modify the otherwise nonlinear feedforwards systems improving the results in recent literature. Feedback is iterated to select adaption parameters that simultaneously produce favorable circuit performance in addition to effective parameter identification inherent in the adaption (to provide meaningful parameter estimates to unspecified future applications). Spurious voltages were rapidly rejected with a mere 0.3% trajectory deviation, stabilizing quickly with a final (steady state) deviation of 0.01%. The demonstrated abilities to reject the deleterious spurious effects are compared to nominal figures of merit for timing accuracy of various computer systems to conclude the proposed methods are effective for some applications, but insufficient for others.

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“…Recent research (Zhou, Shi, Bian, & Zhou, 2019;Rodriguez, 2017;Sands, 2020;Zhang, Li, Qi, Liu, Song, & Wang, 2018;Lobo, Lang, Starks, & Sands, 2018;Kim & Jeong, 2019;Sands, 2019;Lee, Park, Singh, Choi, Mandal, Jang, & Yang, 2020Lee, Choe, Baek, Singh, & Ismail, 2017Sands, 2017;Amore, Boyd, & Francisco, 2017;Glazunov, Vorobyeva, Vdovin, & Slepkov, 2019;Gaynutdinov & Chermoshentsev, 2016;Sands, Kim, & Agrawal, 2009;Tony & Sadeghpour, 2013;He & Cai, 2019;Sands, Kim, & Agrawal, 2007;Walter, Nunnenkamp, & Bruder, 2014;Smeresky, Rizzo, & Sands, 2020;Sands, Kim, & Agrawal, 2012;Hall & Sands, 2020) into van der Pol equations and deterministic artificial intelligence stemming from a genesis in nonlinear adaptive control has investigated resiliency and two in particular (Sands, 2017;Cooper, Heidlauf, & Sands, 2017) evaluate representative timing circuits for nuclear command and control systems vis a vis the van der Pol circuit in equation ( 1) whose unforced nature is depicted in figure 4a. Notice regardless the initial voltage condition, the circuit quickly follows the "limit cycle" trajectory, a natural inherent dynamic of the differential equation governing the circuit's voltage behavior.…”

Section: Future Research: Resiliency To Deleterious Effects Of Electr...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Distant Blocking of Celestial Lines of Communications Using Electromagnetic Pulse

Dmytryszyn¹,

Crook²

2020

APR

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The potentially imminent and existential threat from a nuclear electromagnetic pulse are arguably inflated, voiced to garner attention to the true issue, that today’s microelectronics are incredibly vulnerable to electromagnetic damage caused by sudden voltage spikes from the electromagnetic pollution. Additionally, a nuclear electromagnetic pulse does not need to be detonated in outer space to cause signification disruption to communications systems’ data and information flow across the celestial domain. High altitude electromagnetic pulse (HEMP) detonations do not need to occur in outer space to have wide ranging effects; in describing electromagnetic pulses, the high-altitude moniker is tied to any detonation above nineteen miles (thirty point-five kilometers). High altitude electromagnetic pulse detonations ranging from fifty to one hundred kilometers can project wave effects into outer space and affect spacecraft through both direct damage (contemporary views regarding electromagnetic pulse) and radiation-induced torques on the solar arrays, misaligning satellite antennas and sensors. If an actor – state or otherwise – wished to compete or contest another along the congested celestial lines of communications (CLOCs), it can be done at great distance from the affected entity by use of a high altitude electromagnetic pulse on the ‘far side’ of the orbit. Additionally, the historic maritime tactic of blockade has applicability in space; yesterday’s ships are today’s gamma ray damage to microelectronics. Furthermore, the employment of a nuclear weapon-delivered high-altitude electromagnetic pulse remains a treaty violation, for those who are a party to. However, greater jurisprudence study is lacking regarding this matter, and the accompanying concern of transboundary harm as it relates to territorial sovereignty. In summary, an actor can contest another’s use of the celestial lines of communications by detonating a nuclear weapon, at high-altitude but within the atmosphere (i.e., below one hundred kilometers), and within the lateral boundaries of their sovereign territory and associated territorial waters, and allow wave’s effects to radiate widely to interrupt operations and possibly inflict permanent damage, all without being in violation of treaty or customary law. This manuscript substantiates the prequel baseline for follow-on research on mitigation of the deleterious effects on communication system circuits in attempts to void the blockage on celestial lines of communications, and the sequel is briefly introduced with a short description of the state-of-the-art research.

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Electromagnetic Shielding Performance of Carbon Black Mixed Concrete with Zn–Al Metal Thermal Spray Coating

Cited by 21 publications

References 30 publications

Shielding Properties of Cement Composites Filled with Commercial Biochar

Shielding Properties of Cement Composites Filled with Commercial Biochar

Countering the Deleterious Effects of Electromagnetic Pulse

Distant Blocking of Celestial Lines of Communications Using Electromagnetic Pulse

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