Electromagnetic shielding effectiveness of polyester fabrics with polyaniline deposition

Abstract

In this study, conductive fabrics were developed by polymerizing aniline onto polyester (PET) woven fabrics. The fabric treatment was carried out by the chemical polymerization method at 0.5 M, 0.8 M and 1.2 M aniline concentrations. Hydrochloric acid as acidic medium and ammonium persulfate as oxidant were employed during the polymerization process. The polyaniline (PANI)-treated PET fabric structures were fully characterized and evaluated in terms of their electromagnetic shielding effectiveness, absorption and reflection characteristics, and tensile properties. Additionally, the fabrics were examined by scanning electron microscopy for their surface morphology and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy for their chemical functionality. The electromagnetic shielding effectiveness and absorption and reflection characteristics were determined using a network analyzer with a frequency range from 15 MHz to 3000 MHz. The electrical characteristics were measured by the two-end method. It was concluded that the tensile strength values of the treated fabrics were enhanced when the amount of monomer in the concentrations increased as compared to the untreated fabrics. It is interesting to note that 1.2 M treated fabric had the lowest tensile strength values as compared to the other treated fabrics. It was also found that a 0.5 M concentration of PANI-treated fabric had the lowest surface resistivity since it showed the highest conductivity value. Another important finding is that the 0.8 M aniline-treated fabric had the highest shielding effectiveness.Electromagnetic waves have been one of the important research areas for many multidisciplinary studies during the past decades because of their negative effects on living tissues and electronic systems.Electromagnetic waves are composed of oscillating and time-varying electric and magnetic fields. These electric and magnetic fields oscillate perpendicularly to each other and are perpendicular to the direction of propagation of the wave, so an electromagnetic wave is a transverse wave. Electromagnetic waves need no medium of propagation and travel at the speed of light. They carry energy and momentum, and can also exert pressure. Emitted waves can also be recognized far from the source. An electromagnetic wave is characterized by its energy, frequency, and wavelength, and these are associated with each other. 1 The effect of electromagnetic waves on biological systems depends on frequency and exposure time. Lower frequencies, such as radio, microwave, and infrared, could have health impacts with chronic exposure. On the other hand, for higher-frequency radiations, such as ultraviolet, X-rays, and gamma rays, a cell is ionized at once and damaged chemically. 2,3 The effects of electromagnetic waves on human nerve cells, brain tissue, DNA, genes, the immune system, and metabolism have been investigated by many researchers and it is now well established that

In-situ deposition of polyaniline and polypyrrole electroconductive layers on textile surfaces by the reactive ink-jet printing technique

“…This ratio coincides very well with the findings of Stejskal et al [3,44], who proposed the oxidant/monomer molar ratio of 1.25 as a proper compromise between the changes in conductivity of PANI pellets and the yield of conductive polymer. Engin and Usta [5] investigated several oxidant/aniline molar ratios and observed that the combination of 1:1 ratio with 0.8 M ammonium persulfate showed the highest mechanical properties and conductivity, as well as a decrease in conductivity at 1.2 M aniline on PET fabric. Fig.…”

“…An interesting alternative is to create the conductive polymers by in-situ polymerization of monomers on the textiles. Basically, the oxidative polymerization on a fabric may follow three procedures: application of the oxidant to the textile followed by addition of monomer, application of monomer followed by oxidizing agent, and application of a polymerizable mixture of monomer and oxidant [4,5]. Among the different methods of PANI deposition, the ink-jet printing technique is very attractive as it allows not only patterns of high resolution and high repeatability to be obtained, but also repeatable layer-by-layer structures.…”

The deposition of globular polypyrrole and polypyrrole nanotubes on cotton textile

“…Conducting polymers, such as polyaniline and polypyrrole, well serve for this purpose [1][2][3][4][5][6][7].…”

“…Conducting textiles find applications as antistatic substrates [3], in electromagnetic interference shielding [6,[9][10][11][12][13][14][15], electrochromic devices [16], electromechanical sensors [17,18], electrodes in supercapacitors [4,19], electrocardiogram monitoring [20] or dye-sensitized solar cells [21], as flexible electrodes [22], or in heat generation [23][24][25]. In addition to conductivity, conducting polymers have been be used to control wettability [5,26,27], to promote flame retardation [28][29][30], to be applied as antimicrobial coatings [15,31,32] or in noble-metal recovery [33].…”

Influence of TiO2 nanoparticles on formation mechanism of PANI/TiO2 nanocomposite coating on PET fabric and its structural and electrical properties

“…The novel functionalities and properties can be introduced by modifying the textile materials or integrating the electronic devices into the textile structures [1]. Generally, the demand for the electrically conductive fibers and textiles is rapidly growing in relation to industrial needs such as sensing, electrostatic discharge, corrosion protection, electromagnetic interference shielding, dust-and germ-free clothing, monitoring and data transfer in clothing [1][2][3].…”