Electromagnetic interference and electrical conductivity behavior of carbon/polycyanate composite with nickel nanostrands™ under fatigue

Mall, S.; Rodriguez, John; Alexander, M.

doi:10.1002/pc.21067

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 10 publications

(10 reference statements)

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“…Conductive Composites sells nickel nanostrands TM for aeronautics applications, which have been proven to effectively shield composites from electromagnetic interference and electrostatic discharge-induced damage even after 2 million cycles of fatigue loading. 1 Nickel nanostructures have been synthesized in a variety of shapes and sizes by employing several chemical protocols, [2][3][4][5] yielding nanomaterials with various physical properties. However, this current report is the first solution based synthesis of individual monocrystalline nanowires.…”

Section: Abstract Electron Holography Electric Discharge Ligand Stmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nickel can effectively dissipate concentrated magnetic and electrical fields; it is resistant to extensive oxidation thanks to the natural formation of a passivating oxide, it has a reasonably low density and is comparatively inexpensive. Conductive Composites sells nickel nanostrands for aeronautics applications, which have been proven to effectively shield composites from electromagnetic interference and electrostatic discharge-induced damage even after 2 million cycles of fatigue loading …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Spacecraft are currently built of carbon-fiber-reinforced composites, a material that is lightweight and has desirable mechanical properties, however, which suffers from low electrical conductivity. Damage can be caused by electromagnetic radiation and electrostatic discharge (i.e., lightning strikes), 1 creating a security risk in the spacecraft and requiring expensive repairs. Typically, aluminum or copper is incorporated into the carbon-fiber-reinforced composites in order to quickly dissipate the charge.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Air-Stable Anisotropic Monocrystalline Nickel Nanowires Characterized Using Electron Holography

et al. 2018

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Nickel is capable of discharging electric and magnetic shocks in aerospace materials thanks to its conductivity and magnetism. Nickel nanowires are especially desirable for such an application as electronic percolation can be achieved without significantly increasing the weight of the composite material. In this work, single-crystal nickel nanowires possessing a homogeneous magnetic field are produced via a metal-organic precursor decomposition synthesis in solution. The nickel wires are 20 nm in width and 1-2 μm in length. The high anisotropy is attained through a combination of preferential crystal growth in the ⟨100⟩ direction and surfactant templating using hexadecylamine and stearic acid. The organic template ligands protect the nickel from oxidation, even after months of exposure to ambient conditions. These materials were studied using electron holography to characterize their magnetic properties. These thin nanowires display homogeneous ferromagnetism with a magnetic saturation (517 ± 80 emu cm), which is nearly equivalent to that of bulk nickel (557 emu cm). Nickel nanowires were incorporated into carbon composite test pieces and were shown to dramatically improve the electric discharge properties of the composite material.

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Section: Abstract Electron Holography Electric Discharge Ligand Stmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Air-Stable Anisotropic Monocrystalline Nickel Nanowires Characterized Using Electron Holography

et al. 2018

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“…The superior tensile strength‐to‐weight and stiffness‐to‐weight ratios of FRPCs make them a viable replacement for metals especially for aerospace applications; however, FRPCs are more brittle than metals, and their through‐the‐thickness mechanical properties are much lower than their in‐plane properties . Moreover, FRPCs have lower electrical and thermal conductivity values compared to metals; therefore, they are more prone to electrostatic discharge‐induced damages due to the lower attenuation of electromagnetic radiation, and also, they exhibit inferior heat transfer and thermo‐mechanical properties, which, in turn, affect their overall flammability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical and thermal properties of hierarchical composites enhanced by pristine graphene and graphene oxide nanoinclusions

Zhang

Asmatulu

Soltani

et al. 2014

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Epoxy resin nanocomposites incorporated with 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 wt % pristine graphene and modified graphene oxide (GO) nanoflakes were produced and used to fabricate carbon fiber-reinforced and glass fiber-reinforced composite panels via vacuum-assisted resin transfer molding process. Mechanical and thermal properties of the composite panels-called hierarchical graphene composites-were determined according to ASTM standards. It was observed that the studied properties were improved consistently by increasing the amount of nanoinclusions. Particularly, in the presence of 4 wt % GO in the resin, tensile modulus, compressive strength, and flexural modulus of carbon fiber (glass fiber) composites were improved 15% (21%), 34% (84%), and 40% (68%), respectively. Likewise, with inclusion of 4 wt % pristine graphene in the resin, tensile modulus, compressive strength, and flexural modulus of carbon fiber (glass fiber) composites were improved 11% (7%), 30% (77%), and 34% (58%), respectively. Also, thermal conductivity of the carbon fiber (glass fiber) composites with 4% GO inclusion was improved 52% (89%). Similarly, thermal conductivity of the carbon fiber (glass fiber) composites with 4% pristine graphene inclusion was improved 45% (80%). The reported results indicate that both pristine graphene and modified GO nanoflakes are excellent options to enhance the mechanical and thermal properties of fiber-reinforced polymeric composites and to make them viable replacement materials for metallic parts in different industries, such as wind energy, aerospace, marine, and automotive.

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“…142 Nanostrands made of nickel are also used in compounds with carbon to obtain electric conductive composites which are used in air plane structures. 143 Nickel itself can crystallise in three possible crystal structures: the thermodynamically favoured face-centred cubic (fcc) structure or in either of the metastable body-centred cubic (bcc) or hexagonal close packed (hcp) phases. 144 For each of these modifications the atom position in the unit cell varies, same as the cell parameters such as lattice parameter and angles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shape and Size Control of Bimetallic PtX (X = Au, Ni, Sn) Nanoparticles

Hasenöhrl¹

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<p>Nanoparticles show interesting and novel properties compared to their bulk materials. These properties range from optical, magnetic, electronic to catalytic and can be influenced by shape, size and elemental composition. As the ability to control nanoparticle morphology is important in materials science these particles are actively researched. Moreover, by combining different metals multiple properties intrinsic to those elements can be accessed within a single system. This thesis describes general synthetic approaches and underlying theory in the formation of nanoparticles. Focusing on organic solution phase synthesis, pathways to control both size and shape of nanoparticles are discussed. The concept behind the formation and possible structures of bimetallic nanoparticles are explained. Additionally, a brief overview about used characterisation techniques such as transmission electron microscopy and x-ray diffraction are given. Metallic nanoparticles were formed using the organic solution phase synthesis within Fischer-Porter bottles. Elevated temperatures and the presence of hydrogen lead to thermal decomposition of the metallic precursor, reduction of formed metal ions and subsequent build-up of nanoparticles. For bimetallic nanoparticles the seed mediated growth technique is commonly used. By utilizing this technique bimetallic AuPt nanoparticles were formed. The impact of different surfactants, hydrogen pressure, precursors and reaction time upon the size, elemental composition and morphology of these bimetallic AuPt nanoparticles is investigated. The bimetallic structure is evaluated and experiments to control the growth of platinum onto the seed structures are conducted. Further research deals with the formation of hexagonal close packed (hcp) nickel nanoparticles. By altering the surfactant type and concentration nickel favours to crystallise in its hcp modification rather than its most common face-centred cubic (fcc) phase. It was found that nickel packing in this hcp crystal system is forming hourglass-shaped nanoparticles. These particles are further used in seed mediated growth experiments with a platinum precursor to achieve bimetallic nanoparticles to both exploit the catalytic activity of platinum as well as the magnetic moment of nickel. It is shown that the choice of reaction conditions is crucial to achieve growth onto the nickel surface. Moreover, it was found that these nanoparticles are only selectively coated by platinum on hcp {001} facets leading to exposure of both nickel and platinum surfaces. The key results are summarised and the exploited parameters evaluated. Also, perspectives for future research are discussed and a brief outlook for the application of the investigated bimetallic systems is given. Bimetallic tin-platinum nanoparticles were formed by coreduction of the respective tin and platinum containing metal precursors. Several metal sources for both tin and platinum were investigated upon their decomposition and the resulting nanoparticle shape and elemental composition. The formation of a bimetallic precursor containing a Pt-Sn bond is discussed. Further reaction parameters such as temperature and time are also investigated to eludicate their impact on the formed nanoparticles. Finally, the key results are summarised and the exploited parameters evaluated. Also, perspectives for future research are discussed and a brief outlook for the application of the investigated bimetallic systems is given. The discussion in Chapter 4 about selectively obtaining hcp Ni nanoparticles is shortened and a major focus is given on the platinum coating of these hourglass-shaped nanoparticles, as Lee et al. published a paper on "Shaped Ni nanoparticles with an unconventional hcp crystalline structure" (Chemical Communications, 2014, 50, 6353-6356) during the course of these studies, describing similar methods and findings as observed in this research.</p>

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Electromagnetic interference and electrical conductivity behavior of carbon/polycyanate composite with nickel nanostrands™ under fatigue

Cited by 8 publications

References 10 publications

Air-Stable Anisotropic Monocrystalline Nickel Nanowires Characterized Using Electron Holography

Air-Stable Anisotropic Monocrystalline Nickel Nanowires Characterized Using Electron Holography

Mechanical and thermal properties of hierarchical composites enhanced by pristine graphene and graphene oxide nanoinclusions

Shape and Size Control of Bimetallic PtX (X = Au, Ni, Sn) Nanoparticles

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