Electromagnetic Analysis, Characterization and Discussion of Inductive Transmission Parameters for Titanium Based Housing Materials in Active Medical Implantable Devices

Abstract

The growing demand for active medical implantable devices requires data and or power links between the implant and the outside world. Every implant has to be encapsulated from the body by a specific housing and one of the most common materials used is titanium or titanium alloy. Titanium thas the necessary properties in terms of mechanical and chemical stability and biocompatibility. However, its electrical conductivity presents a challenge for the electromagnetic transmission of data and power. The proposed paper presents a fast and practical method to determine the necessary transmission parameters for titanium encapsulated implants. Therefore, the basic transformer-transmission-model is used with measured or calculated key values for the inductances. Those are then expanded with correction factors to determine the behavior with the encapsulation. The correction factors are extracted from finite element method simulations. These also enable the analysis of the magnetic field distribution inside of the housing. The simulated transmission properties are very close to the measured values. Additionally, based on lumped elements and magnetic field distribution, the influential parameters are discussed in the paper. The parameter discussion describes how to enhance the transmitted power, data-rate or distance, or to reduce the size of the necessary coils. Finally, an example application demonstrates the usage of the methods.

Possibilities and safety measures for the use of physiotherapy in patients with implanted antiarrhythmic devices

“…Важной является экранирование электронной схемы ЭКС, т.е. размещение ее внутри герметичного корпуса из титана или нержавеющей стали, часто имеющих дополнительное изоляционное покрытие, которые делают ЭКС менее восприимчивым к электромагнитным полям [43]. Кроме того, широко используются полосовые фильтры, защищающие ЭКС от высокочастотных полей, и тем самым, предотвращая детекцию внешних электрических сигналов, способных вызвать ЭМИ [23].…”

Study on Exosomes Promoting the Osteogenic Differentiation of ADSCs in Graphene Porous Titanium Alloy Scaffolds

“…Titanium alloys are the most commonly used metals, with successful applications in plastic surgery, orthopedic, and dental implants ( Gruenwald et al, 2018 ; Fan et al, 2022 ). However, titanium alloy materials are mostly solid structures, and the high elastic modulus of titanium alloy materials produces stress shielding effects on the bone tissue ( Tamayo et al, 2021 ).…”

The Effects of Graphene on the Biocompatibility of a 3D-Printed Porous Titanium Alloy

“…To solve these problems, different titanium alloy surface modification techniques have been proposed to meet the requirements of clinical application, such as implant surface coating, which is loaded with bioactive molecules or drugs to modify the implant surface to promote osseointegration at the implant-bone interface. These methods can effectively improve the bioactivity and biocompatibility of implants and promote osseointegration at the implant-bone interface [7,8]. On the other hand, in view of the stress shielding phenomenon [9], 3D printing technology opens up a new idea for the personalized manufacturing of hard tissue implant materials.…”