Electrolyzed Water Generated On-Site as a Promising Disinfectant in the Dental Office During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Farah, Ra’fat I.; Ali, Sanaa N. Al-Haj

doi:10.3389/fpubh.2021.629142

Cited by 15 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 29 publications

(53 reference statements)

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“…Previous reports suggest that the skin irritancy of OW is lower than that of EtOH [ 15 , 16 ]. In contrast, since SAEW is also considered to be safe and has low irritation to skin and mucous membranes, it has been proposed for use as a disinfectant for normal and wounded skin [ 17 ]. In addition to the low irritancy of OW and SAEW, they are less of a pollution risk for the environment, making them advantageous as disinfectants.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inactivation Activities of Ozonated Water, Slightly Acidic Electrolyzed Water and Ethanol against SARS-CoV-2

et al. 2021

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This study aimed to compare the SARS-CoV-2-inactivation activity and virucidal mechanisms of ozonated water (OW) with those of slightly acidic electrolyzed water (SAEW) and 70% ethanol (EtOH). SARS-CoV-2-inactivation activity was evaluated in a virus solution containing 1%, 20% or 40% fetal bovine serum (FBS) with OW, SAEW or EtOH at a virus-to-test solution ratio of 1:9, 1:19 or 1:99 for a reaction time of 20 s. EtOH showed the strongest virucidal activity, followed by SAEW and OW. Even though EtOH potently inactivated the virus despite the 40% FBS concentration, virus inactivation by OW and SAEW decreased in proportion to the increase in FBS concentration. Nevertheless, OW and SAEW showed potent virucidal activity with 40% FBS at a virus-to-test solution ratio of 1:99. Real-time PCR targeting the viral genome revealed that cycle threshold values in the OW and SAEW groups were significantly higher than those in the control group, suggesting that OW and SAEW disrupted the viral genome. Western blotting analysis targeting the recombinant viral spike protein S1 subunit showed a change in the specific band into a ladder upon treatment with OW and SAEW. OW and SAEW may cause conformational changes in the S1 subunit of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inactivation Activities of Ozonated Water, Slightly Acidic Electrolyzed Water and Ethanol against SARS-CoV-2

et al. 2021

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“…The concentration of HOCl at 10 g of NaCl was initially 50 ppm at 12 minutes till 24 minutes, then increased to 200 ppm after 36 minutes, indicating that it was suitable for sanitizing. According to recent studies, pure non-iodized table salt was mixed with distilled water at a rate of 2 grams per liter to form a 0.2% salt solution, to which 5 milliliters of distilled white vinegar were added to produce HOCl in the 100ppm range [1]. Lower NaCl concentrations will minimize the amount of HOCl produced [4].…”

Section: The Effect Of Sodium Chloride (Nacl) Amount On Hocl Producti...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The need for disinfectants and sanitizers has increased globally, particularly in the medical and health care sectors, as well as in other industries and for personal usage. Sanitizing reduces the numbers of germs, whereas disinfection eliminates germs by applying an EPA-registered microorganism-killing solution [1]. One of the most serious problems is the use of hazardous alcoholbased disinfectants and sanitizers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Electrolysis Study Effect on Electrolyzed Water as Disinfectant and Sanitizer

Aniyyah

Idhamnulhadi

Shah

et al. 2022

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.

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The use of harmful alcohol-based disinfectants and sanitizers was a major concern throughout the CoVID-19 era. Frequent use of alcohol-based sanitizer can dry up the skin, and the effect is worsening for individuals with sensitive skin. Alcohol-based disinfectants are flammable and can ignite if used near a flame, spark, or other source of ignition. Using the electrolysis of sodium chloride (NaCl) aqueous solution method, this study aims to make Hypochlorous Acid (HOCl), a safe disinfectant and sanitizer. Two critical parameters were tested on the electrolysis effect of producing HOCl. The first is the amount of sodium chloride (NaCl) present, while the second is the type of electrode used, which are carbon, graphite, and titanium. The results showed that 10 grams of NaCl produces 50-200 ppm of HOCl, which is good for sanitizing purposes, and 30 grams of NaCl produces 500-800 ppm of HOCl, which is good for disinfecting purposes. The graphite electrode was also demonstrated to be capable of producing a clean HOCl solution. Using a UV-vis spectrophotometer, the effectiveness of the HOCl produced was determined, and it was discovered that HOCl is capable of killing bacteria. As a result, HOCl can be applied as a safe disinfectant and sanitizer in the fight against COVID-19.

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“…Прототип модуля Бахіра -проточний модульний електрохімічний елемент ПЕМ Найбільш активно сьогодні використовуються різновиди аноліту. Це пов'язане, з одного боку, з його властивостями як потужного екологічно чистого антисептичного засобу, з іншого -із спроможністю довго зберігатись, не змінюючи своїх властивостей.Найважливішими складовими сучасних анолітів, які широко застосовуються в різних галузях багатьох країн, наприклад російського нейтрального Аноліту (АНК), -є хлорнуватиста кислота, кисневі сполуки хлору та пероксидні сполуки, які безпечні для людей і тварин і після використання перетворюються на воду.В медичних закладах Росії, Швейцарії, Бельгії, Туреччини, США, Кореї, Японії та інших країн цей та аналогічні препарати використовуют для дезінфекції і стерилізації поверхонь, обладнання, посуду, білизни, у стоматологічній практиці, при лікуванні захворювань внутрішніх органів, при особливо небезпечних інфекціях тощо[11, 12,13,14]. По ефективності аноліти значно разів перевищують розчини гіпохлориту або хлорної води, які еквівалентні за вмістом активного хлору і одночасно мають значно меншу корозійну активність, а патогенна мікрофлора не здатна ставати до них резистентною[15].…”

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Electrochemically activated water (ECHAW): history of discovery, specificity of the process, current state and prospects of its application under irrigation conditions

Romashchenko

Konakov

Polishchuk

et al. 2021

LRaWM

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The history of the discovery, the specificity of the process and the current state of the use of electrochemically activated water (ECHAW) in various sectors of the economy are analyzed and the possibilities of its use in irrigation are determined. It has been established that the most promising area of application of ECHAW in irrigated agriculture are drip irrigation systems. The adding an anolyte to water during drip irrigation can significantly reduce (or even eliminate) the need to use plant protection products and the adding an catholyte significantly accelerates the development and increases the yield of agricultural crops against the background of improving product quality. The ecological consequences of this are the reduction of anthropogenic load on irrigated lands through the complete or partial replacement of chemical plant protection products with anolyte, which is an environmentally safe liquid; economic - increasing profitability and reducing the payback period of land irrigation projects. It has been determined that the prospect of using ECHAW in drip irrigation systems is due to the fact that the water supply technology allows supplying catholyte and anolyte to the field with minimal losses of activation potential. A predisposing factor for the use of ECHAW in drip irrigation systems is also their design according to a modular principle, which contributes to the possibility of equipping water treatment units of systems with ECHAW modules. At the same time, the design of systems should be carried out taking into account not only the need to ensure uniform distribution of water by droppers over the field, but also with the preservation of the activation potential of electrochemically activated components of irrigation water. Based on the foregoing, it can be considered that the development of means of electrochemical activation of water for irrigation needs, as well as technologies for the use of such water in growing crops is relevant and timely. The deployment of fundamental and applied research will contribute to the development of domestic equipment for the industrial production of ECHAW and will allow adapting the world technologies of their use to the conditions and needs of the Ukrainian manufacturer and consumer. The use of electrochemically activated water in drip irrigation systems can be especially effective.

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Electrolyzed Water Generated On-Site as a Promising Disinfectant in the Dental Office During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Cited by 15 publications

References 29 publications

Inactivation Activities of Ozonated Water, Slightly Acidic Electrolyzed Water and Ethanol against SARS-CoV-2

Inactivation Activities of Ozonated Water, Slightly Acidic Electrolyzed Water and Ethanol against SARS-CoV-2

Electrolysis Study Effect on Electrolyzed Water as Disinfectant and Sanitizer

Electrochemically activated water (ECHAW): history of discovery, specificity of the process, current state and prospects of its application under irrigation conditions

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