Electrolytic Reductive Coupling: Synthetic and Mechanistic Aspects

Electron Transfer Initiated Reactions: Bond Formation and Bond Dissociation

“…The formation of a chemical bond through the electrodimerization of a species, generated through the reduction of a parent molecule, is a well-established process. The electrodimerization of acrylonitrile, shown to involve the coupling of two radical anions, is probably the best known example. – Another well-investigated example is that regarding the dimerization of ketyls through reduction of the corresponding carbonyl compounds . Reversible reductive dimerization has also been investigated. – …”

Chemical and Electrochemical Dimerization of BODIPY Compounds: Electrogenerated Chemiluminescent Detection of Dimer Formation

“…FeCl 3 has been used previously as an oxidant for porphyrins − and is also a promising candidate for the dimerization of the BODIPY compounds. , Electrochemistry can also be used for the coupling reactions. − Its advantage compared with the chemical methods is the more precise control of the oxidation potentials necessary to achieve coupling, with the potential of obtaining a higher yield of the product and lack of formation of products of the oxidant. Electrochemical dimerization by oxidative and reductive coupling reactions has been widely studied. − For example, electrohydrodimerization of activated olefins, most importantly acrylonitrile, by the hydrodimerization process is of importance as a commercial process for the production of the adiponitrile. − Numerous studies have been carried out to elucidate the dimerization mechanism and determine kinetic parameters for the reactions by using cyclic voltammetry (CV), − ,− scanning electrochemical microscopy, , electron spin resonance, − and ECL. − …”

Progress in Organic Electrochemistry—1952–1977

“…The newcomer entering the field today may not be aware of the gap that existed in the presentation of the subject as a whole between 1956 (67) or 1958 (35) and 1969 (34), for in the last few years a number of books both comprehensive and on selected pertinent topics have been published (25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35)(36)(37)(38)(39)(40)(41)(42)(43)(44). In-depth reviews of individual aspects have abounded (47)(48)(49)(50)(51)(52)(53)(54)(55)(56)(57)(58)(59)(60)(61)(62)(63)(64)(65)(66). Stimulating new books on general electrochemistry have appeared (39)(40)(41)(42)(43)(44) and several series volumes have beco...…”