Electrolyte optimization for the primary lithium metal air battery using an oxygen selective membrane

Crowther, Owen; Keeny, Daniel; Moureau, David M.; Meyer, Benjamin; Salomon, Mark; Hendrickson, Mary

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2011.11.024

Cited by 64 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Concerning the need to separate O 2 from unwanted components in air, this can currently only be done temporarily with porous membranes, while allowing a low dry air fl ow. [ 187,189,190 ] Crowther et al [ 191 ] investigated the effectiveness of oxygen-selective membranes in lithium/air batteries. They protected the cell using Tefl on coated fi berglass cloth (TCFC) on the outside of the cathode support, thereby preventing volatilization of the electrolyte and oxidation of the lithium metal by H 2 O.…”

Section: Theoretical Vs Practical Specifi C Energymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[ 77,192,198 ] The fl ammability risk can be further controlled by feeding the cell with atmospheric air by means of an O 2 -selective membrane, which limits the amount of combustive agent present at any time. [ 190,191 ] This was also the reason behind the development of a Li/O 2 fl ow cell, where an oxygen-saturated IL electrolyte is circulated through the electrochemical cell; [ 12,199 ] cell operation is ensured by the satisfactory O 2 solubility and diffusivity reached in the IL electrolyte, thanks to the forced convection provided by a peristaltic pump.…”

Section: Defi Ning a Laboratory Cell Prototypementioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The Lithium/Air Battery: Still an Emerging System or a Practical Reality?

et al. 2014

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gas. At the same time, the penetration of renewable energy sources has opened up the possibility of creating a CO 2 -neutral mobility system, where electric vehicles are powered by wind, hydro, and solar energy.Broad fi nancial efforts are being made at a governmental and industrial level to fund research into new areas of energy storage. The U.S. Department of Energy has allocated $20 million to energy storage research in 2012 and $15 million the following year, while the German government has committed itself to ¤200 million between 2011 and 2018; [ 1 ] similar schemes are also being promoted in Japan by the New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO). The EU-backed "Horizon 2020" program aims at funding research into energy storage technologies, a fi eld where the European Union lags behind the U.S. and East Asia. [ 2 ] Lithium-ion technology has established itself as a type of reliable energy-storage chemistry over the past 20 years, fi rst being used in camcorders, then mobile phones, laptops, and more recently electric cars. However, as the size of the battery pack increases, so does the belief that the cost per kW h and its energy density are not suitable for practical vehicle applications. The Tesla Model S, which sports a 400 km driving range, does so with a whopping 85 kW h battery pack that alone has up to twice the price of a standard economy car. With a current cost higher than 400 $ kW h −1 , electric cars have so far only entered a niche, high-end market where users are willing to pay a premium. Resizing the battery pack, and so the total cost of an electric car, results in a limited driving range (typically 100-150 km) that automatically restricts the use for long-haul journeys and triggers the so-called "range anxiety" feeling. For these reasons, the need to develop energy-storage technologies that enable at least a 500 km driving range, while retaining the same battery pack volume at an affordable price, is of primary interest for governments and car manufacturers. A Brief History of Lithium/Air BatteriesOver the years, the scientifi c community has focused its interest on advanced lithium-ion and fuel cells with only incremental improvements being made. Lithium-ion technology in particular is predicted to reach an asymptotic limit in specifi c Lithium/air is a fascinating energy storage system. The effective exploitation of air as a battery electrode has been the long-time dream of the battery community. Air is, in principle, a no-cost material characterized by a very high specifi c capacity value. In the particular case of the lithium/air system, energy levels approaching that of gasoline have been postulated. It is then not surprising that, in the course of the last decade, great attention has been devoted to this battery by various top academic and industrial laboratories worldwide. This intense investigation, however, has soon highlighted a series of issues that prevent a rapid development of the Li/air electrochemical system. Although several breakthroughs have be...

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Section: Theoretical Vs Practical Specifi C Energymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Defi Ning a Laboratory Cell Prototypementioning

confidence: 99%

The Lithium/Air Battery: Still an Emerging System or a Practical Reality?

et al. 2014

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show abstract

“…Their advantages are known, and namely low volatility, good Li compatibility, high ionic conductivity and oxidation stability with respect to the Li/Li þ couple. In case of Li/air and Li/O 2 cells, several Li salt/organic carbonates combinations were tested, generally based on propylene carbonate (PC) and different co-solvents, such as ethylene carbonate, ethers or glymes, in order to control the oxygen solubility, the solution viscosity and ionic conductivity, the evaporation rate and, above all, the polarity [16,77] [78]. In addition, LiPF 6 dissolved in CH 3 OCH 2 CH 2 O 4 CH 3 (TEGDME) was tested as the electrolyte with a carbon cathode without catalyst; charge/discharge products, rechargeability of the cell and factors affecting the cycle life were studied without the uncertainties associated with solvent evaporation [79].…”

Section: Non-aqueous Electrolytesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent advances in the development of Li–air batteries

Capsoni

Bini

Ferrari

et al. 2012

Journal of Power Sources

136

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“…[3][4][5][6][7] The direct conversion of CO2 to five-or six-membered cyclic carbonates [8][9][10] is one of the most promising strategies for producing highly desirable solvents for electrolytes in Li-ion rechargeable batteries. 11,12 Cyclic carbonates are also utilised as monomers in polymerisation reactions, 13,14 as intermediates in the synthesis of fine chemicals 7 and as high boiling aprotic polar solvents. [15][16][17] There have been many varied reports of synthetic routes to yield cyclic carbonates, and the most important of these are summarised in Scheme 1.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%