Electrolyte gated transistors modified by polypyrrole nanoparticles

Stelmach, Emilia; Jaworska, Ewa; Bhatt, Vijay Deep; Becherer, Markus; Lugli, Paolo; Michalska, Agata; Maksymiuk, Krzysztof

doi:10.1016/j.electacta.2019.04.034

Cited by 9 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…As shown in Table I, the most used substrate is the wellestablished Si=SiO 2 wafer, 56,61,[69][70][71][72][75][76][77][78][79]81,[86][87][88] thanks to its compatibility with both vacuum-and solution-processed deposition techniques for CNTs. Other rigid substrates reported for EG-CNTFETs are quartz, 73,74 and glass.…”

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…59,83 When the planar configuration is adopted, the gate electrode is normally realized during the same process step of source and drain, so also the materials used are the same. 14,70,[84][85][86] Nevertheless, there might be cases in which a different material is needed (e.g., to perform the functionalization of the gate electrode) so that a specific step is introduced in the fabrication workflow. 59,76,83,84,86 Other mediums (i.e., electrolytes) that are used are tris-hydrochloric acid (Tris-HCl), 26 the Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium, 38 buffer solutions prepared using the Britton-Robinson methods, 77 and the NMG buffer.…”

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…14,70,[84][85][86] Nevertheless, there might be cases in which a different material is needed (e.g., to perform the functionalization of the gate electrode) so that a specific step is introduced in the fabrication workflow. 59,76,83,84,86 Other mediums (i.e., electrolytes) that are used are tris-hydrochloric acid (Tris-HCl), 26 the Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium, 38 buffer solutions prepared using the Britton-Robinson methods, 77 and the NMG buffer. 81 Not all the papers state clearly if the medium used is diluted, and in which ratio: as it will be explained in Sec.…”

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Stelmach et al proposed an EG-CNTFET-based biosensor for K þ detection, functionalizing the planar gold gate electrode with polypyrrole nanoparticles dispersed in PVC-based ion-selective membranes. 86 The aim was to improve the EG-CNTFET characteristics, in order to obtain a more stable signal compared to PVC-bare based ionselective membranes. The response of the sensor was tested in different concentrations of K þ solution ranging from 10 4 to 10 8 nM.…”

Section: Ion-selective Membrane Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Electrolyte-gated carbon nanotube field-effect transistor-based biosensors: Principles and applications

Shkodra

Petrelli

Angeli

et al. 2021

Applied Physics Reviews

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Nowadays, there is a high demand for sensitive and selective real-time analytical methods suitable for a wide range of applications, from personalized telemedicine, drug discovery, food safety, and quality control, to defense, security, as well as environmental monitoring. Biosensors are analytical devices able to detect bio-chemical analytes (e.g., neurotransmitters, cancer biomarkers, bio-molecules, and ions), through the combination of a bio-recognition element and a bio-transduction device. The use of customized bio-recognition elements such as enzymes, antibodies, aptamers, and ion-selective membranes facilitates achieving high selectivity. Among the different bio-transduction devices currently available, electrolyte-gated field-effect transistors, in which the dielectric is represented by an ionic liquid buffer solution containing the targeted analyte, are gaining increasing attention. Indeed, these biotransduction devices are characterized by superior electronic properties and intrinsic signal amplification that allow the detection of a wide rangeofbiomolecules with high sensitivity (down to pM concentration). A promising semiconducting material for bio-transduction devices is represented by carbon nanotubes, due to their unique electrical properties, nanosize, bio-compatibility, and their simple low-cost processability. This work provides acomprehensive and critical review of electrolyte-gated carbon nanotube field-effect transistor-based biosensors. First, an introduction to these bio-sensing devices is given. Next, the device configurations and operating principles are presented, and the most used materials and processes are reviewed with a particular focus on carbon nanotubes as the active material. Subsequently, different functionalization strategies reported in the literature, based on enzymes, antibodies, aptamers, and ion-selective membranes, are analyzed critically. Finally, present issues and challenges faced in the area are investigated,theconclusions are drawn, and a perspective outlook over the field of bio-sensing technologies, in general, is provided.

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Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ion-selective Membrane Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Electrolyte-gated carbon nanotube field-effect transistor-based biosensors: Principles and applications

Shkodra

Petrelli

Angeli

et al. 2021

Applied Physics Reviews

Self Cite

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“…Stelmach et al showed that the transistor output of electrolyte-gated transistors based on the carbon nanotube semiconducting channel and gold gate can be significantly enhanced by modifying the gate with polypyrrole nanoparticles dispersed in a PVC ion-selective membrane. 198 In particular, the modified transistors were characterized by an improved apparent transconductance and high on/off ratio as well as the linear dependence of source−drain current vs logarithmic analyte concentration. The increased sensitivity was explained by the reduction of polypyrrole at negative gate voltages and the accompanying positive charging of carbon nanotubes, resulting in an increasing source−drain current.…”

Section: Mittal Et Al Synthesized and Tested An Imine-based Ligand (E...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Potentiometric Sensing

2020

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A Road Map toward Field‐Effect Transistor Biosensor Technology for Early Stage Cancer Detection

Eswaran

Chokkiah²,

Pandit

et al. 2022

Small Methods

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ensure early detection, is the key to the survival of cancer patients. [1][2][3][4][5][6] Cancer biomarkers (encompassing metabolites, peptides/proteins, and nucleic acids-based markers) play a vital role in detecting cancers and monitoring their progression as well as in evaluating treatment effectiveness. Even minor changes in the levels of cancer biomarkers are very relevant for diagnostics. These minor changes need to be detected in complex biological samples, such as blood, saliva, urine, and/or other body fluids. [7][8][9][10][11][12] Hence, ultrasensitive and very specific diagnostic tools are required for the detection and quantification of such biomarkers. Conventional cancer detection methods such as computed tomography, cytological detection, magnetic resonance imaging, fluorescence imaging, immunohistochemistry, thermography, X-ray technique, radioimmunoassay, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and ultrasound method, typically encompass several stages, e.g., complex pretreatment processes, timeconsuming nucleic acid amplification or mass spectrometry analysis of protein biomarkers. In addition to being time-consuming, existing diagnostic tools are also typically expensive, and in some cases lack the required sensitivity and specificity, which limits their utility in clinical diagnostics. [13][14][15][16] Recent advancements in micro/nanoelectromechanical system (M/ NEMS) technology show their potential to overcome such drawbacks and have the possibility to fabricate a miniaturized device with highly selective and sensitive clinical diagnostic functions.

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Electrolyte gated transistors modified by polypyrrole nanoparticles

Cited by 9 publications

References 33 publications

Electrolyte-gated carbon nanotube field-effect transistor-based biosensors: Principles and applications

Electrolyte-gated carbon nanotube field-effect transistor-based biosensors: Principles and applications

Potentiometric Sensing

A Road Map toward Field‐Effect Transistor Biosensor Technology for Early Stage Cancer Detection

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